Michael Hainisch

Michael Hainisch
Michael Hainisch
1.º Presidente da Áustria
Período 9 de dezembro de 1920
a 10 de dezembro de 1928
Chanceler Michael Mayr
Johannes Schober
Walter Breisky
Ignaz Seipel
Rudolf Ramek
Antecessor(a) Karl Seitz (Presidente da Assembleia Nacional)
Sucessor(a) Wilhelm Miklas
Dados pessoais
Nascimento 15 de agosto de 1858
Gloggnitz, Baixa Áustria, Áustria-Hungria
Morte 26 de fevereiro de 1940 (81 anos)
Viena, Alemanha Nazista

Michael Hainisch (De-at Michael Hainisch.ogg [ˈmɪçaːʔeːl ˈhaɪ̯nɪʃ] ; 15 de agosto de 185826 de fevereiro de 1940) foi o primeiro presidente da Áustria, de 9 de dezembro de 1920 a 10 de dezembro de 1928.[1]

Origens

Hainisch nasceu e recebeu o nome de seu pai, que era proprietário de uma fábrica. Sua mãe, Marianne Hainisch, era uma líder do movimento sufragista.[2]

Ele começou como advogado e funcionário do Tesouro e do Departamento de Educação, mas depois se aposentou em suas propriedades na Baixa Áustria e na Estíria, onde exerceu a agricultura modelo, tornou-se um líder do ramo austríaco do movimento Fabiana, e um dos fundadores da Biblioteca Central do Povo. Nos últimos anos, ele se afastou do socialismo radical para se tornar um conservador agrário.

Presidência

Medalha de bronze de Michael Hainisch, Presidente Federal da Áustria, 1920 (ND). Artista Grete Hartmann, nascida Chrobak, 1869–1946

Hainisch manteve-se afastado dos partidos políticos. Ele foi escolhido presidente por causa de sua autoridade pessoal, embora não fosse membro do parlamento. Ele era um candidato independente. Ele foi eleito e assumiu o cargo em 1920, e permaneceu por dois períodos até 1928. Ele era casado com Emilia Figdor, descendente de uma proeminente família judia vienense assimilada. O pai de Emilia, Gustav, era vereador da cidade de Viena.

Como presidente, ele trabalhou duro para melhorar a terrível situação que a Áustria se encontrava após a guerra. Ele fez muito para desenvolver o setor agrícola, incentivou a eletrificação da ferrovia, tentou desenvolver mais o turismo, especialmente nos Alpes. O comércio com países vizinhos, como a Alemanha, foi incentivado. Ele também se tornou um protetor das tradições e cultura locais e iniciou a criação da lei dos monumentos protegidos.

Ele também se tornou um membro honorário da Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academia de Ciências).

Em 1928, os principais partidos propuseram emendar a constituição a fim de reeleger Hainisch para um terceiro mandato. O chanceler federal Ignaz Seipel propôs um mandato de um ano para Hainisch, mas Hainisch recusou um terceiro mandato.[3] Posteriormente, ele serviu como Ministro do Comércio de 1929 a 1930.

De forma polêmica, ele apoiou as ideias pangermânicas e mais tarde apoiou o Anschluss da Áustria até a Alemanha nazista em 1938, assim como muitos de seus compatriotas. Ele morreu em fevereiro de 1940, quase dois anos após o Anschluss e alguns meses após o início da Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Trabalhos

  • Die Zukunft der Deutschösterreicher. Eine statistisch-volkswirtschaftliche Studie. 1892.
  • Der Kampf ums Dasein und die Socialpolitik. 1899.
  • Die Heimarbeit in Österreich. Bericht erstattet der internationalen Vereinigung für gesetzlichen Arbeiterschutz. 1906.
  • Die Entstehung des Kapitalzinses. 1907.
  • Einige neue Zahlen zur Statistik der Deutschösterreicher. 1909.
  • Das Getreidemonopol. 1916.
  • Ist der Kapitalzins berechtigt? Voraussetzungen und Grenzen des Sozialismus. 1919.
  • Wirtschaftliche Verhältnisse Deutsch-Österreichs. 1919. (Nachdruck 1992).
  • Die innere Kolonisation in Deutsch-Österreich. 1920.
  • Die Landflucht, ihr Wesen und ihre Bekämpfung im Rahmen einer Agrarreform. 1924.
  • Rede bei der Promotion zum Ehrendoktor der Staatswissenschaften. 1925.
  • —, Norbertine Bresslern-Roth (Ill.): Aus mein’ Leb’n. 1930.
  • — (Editor): Die Viehzuchtwirtschaft mit Weide- und Güllebetrieb auf dem Gute Jauern.[4] Ein Beispiel aus der Praxis für das bäuerliche Alpenland. 1931.
  • Reden und Abhandlungen über Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft. 1932.
  • —, Norbertine Bresslern-Roth (Ill.): Was Z’samklábt’s. 1935.
  • —, Friedrich Weissensteiner (Bearb.): 75 Jahre aus bewegter Zeit. Lebenserinnerungen eines österreichischen Staatsmannes. 1978.

Referências

  1. «Hainisch, Michael (Arthur Josef Jakob)» (em inglês). Consultado em 18 de janeiro de 2011 
  2. de Haan, Francisca; Krasimira Daskalova; Anna Loutfi (2006). Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries. Viena: Central European University Press. pp. 174–6. ISBN 978-963-7326-39-4 
  3. «Austria: Three-Room President». Time. 17 de dezembro de 1928. Arquivado do original em 3 de novembro de 2012 
  4. Charles Scolik (Fotogr.): Unser Bundespräsident als Landwirt. Bilder von dem Mustergut Jauern am Semmering. In: Wiener Bilder, Nr. 41/1928 (XXXIII. Jahrgang), 7. Predefinição:Monat Name-Zahl 1928, S. 8 f. (Online bei ANNO)Vorlage:ANNO/Wartung/wrb

Precedido por
Karl Seitz
Presidente da Áustria
1920 – 1928
Sucedido por
Wilhelm Miklas
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