Massacre de 1944 em Honduras

Massacre de 1944 em Honduras
Massacre de 1944 em Honduras
Cadáveres das vítimas do massacre de San Pedro Sula em 1944, antes de serem recolhidos pelas autoridades.
Outros nomes Massacre de San Pedro Sula
Participantes Regime do Cariato
(Forças Armadas de Honduras)
Localização San Pedro Sula, Honduras
Data 6 de julho de 1944
Resultado 70 pessoas mortas

O massacre de 1944 em Honduras foi um episódio de repressão política e assassinatos em massa ocorridos no dia 6 de julho de 1944, perpetrados pela ditadura do Cariato (1933-1949) contra manifestantes pró-democracia da cidade de San Pedro Sula.

Eventos

No ano de 1944, foram derrubados os ditadores centro-americanos Maximiliano Hernández e Jorge Ubico. Muitos hondurenhos interpretaram esses eventos como uma oportunidade para a derrubada da ditadura de Tiburcio Carías Andino, que então governava com mão de ferro há 11 anos.[1][2]

O mês de maio foi o ponto de partida da agitação política em Honduras, começando com protestos estudantis contra o regime de Carías;[2] ainda em maio houve manifestações protagonizadas por mulheres na capital; no final do mês as mulheres exigiram a liberdade de presos políticos.[3][4]

Em 4 de julho, dia que se celebrava a independência dos Estados Unidos, os opositores do Cariato convidaram estadunidenses das companhias bananeiras e realizaram protestos em Tegucigalpa pedindo a renúncia de Carías.[5][6] Atacada com gás lacrimogêneo pela polícia nacional, essa manifestação foi reprimida, apesar de não ter tido registros de mortes.[7]

Em 5 de julho alguns grupos de plantadores de banana começaram uma greve contra o governo. Vários grevistas foram presos e outros fugiram, os simpatizantes do regime por meio de panfletos alegaram que a greve fracassou pois o "povo apoia unanimemente Carías".[1] Na noite deste dia, em San Pedro Sula,[5] profissionais se reuniram com o ministro da guerra Juan Manuel Gálvez, com a proposta que teriam manifestações no dia seguinte com a condição de que os manifestantes não levariam armas. Gálvez aceitou e ofereceu plenas garantias a eles, e os pediu que terminassem com a greve atual.

Na tarde do dia 6 de julho, protestos similares ocorreram em San Pedro Sula; entre os manifestantes estavam trabalhadores, comerciantes, mulheres, idosos e crianças.[1] Em resposta às manifestações, as forças do regime reprimiram com atos de brutalidade cidadãos sanpedranos desarmados. Mais de 70 mortos foram registrados e um número ainda desconhecido de centenas de feridos pela repressão militar.[7]

Após o massacre, um violento toque de recolher foi imposto.[5]

Referências

  1. a b c «LA MASACRE DEL 6 DE JULIO». El Pulso 
  2. a b «Hondurans campaign for democracy, 1944». Global Nonviolent Action Database 
  3. «1944: la oposición de las mujeres al Cariato». Anarella Vélez 
  4. Mario Argueta. Editorial Guaymuras (2008). Tiburcio Carías: anatomía de una época p 187.
  5. a b c «A 72 años de la masacre de San Pedro Sula por la dictadura de Tiburcio Carías Andino». Criterio 
  6. «Represión y masacre en San Pedro Sula». El Heraldo 
  7. a b «LA MASACRE DE SAN PEDRO SULA. 6 DE JULIO 1944». Criterio 

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