Lupinus nootkatensis

Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomiaLupinus nootkatensis
Lupinus nootkatensis na Islândia
Lupinus nootkatensis na Islândia
Classificação científica
Reino: Plantae
Clado: angiospérmicas
Clado: eudicotiledóneas
Ordem: Fabales
Família: Fabaceae
Género: Lupinus
Espécie: L. nootkatensis
Nome binomial
Lupinus nootkatensis
Donn

Lupinus nootkatensis ou lupino-nootka é uma espécie de tremoceiro, uma planta com flor pertencente à família Fabaceae e nativa da América do Norte. A espécie cresce até 60 cm de altura. No final do século XVIII foi introduzida na Europa.[1]

Flor de Lupinus nootkatensis na Islândia
Campos de Lupinus nootkatensis na Islândia

Na Islândia

Na Islândia, o lupino Nootka foi designado como espécie invasora.[2] A planta foi introduzida na primeira metade do século XX para combater a erosão, acelerar a recuperação dos terrenos e ajudar na reflorestação. A cobertura de lupino densa e a fertilidade do solo podem ser obtidas num espaço de tempo relativamente curto, onde o crescimento do tremoceiro não é limitado por secas.[3] A planta espalhou-se pelo solo solto e erodido no qual foi originalmente plantada e encontra-se agora em todas as planícies da Islândia.[4]

O lupino é adequado para a recuperação de grandes áreas estéreis devido à sua fixação de azoto e crescimento rápido. Além disso, tem a capacidade de extrair fósforo de compostos em solos pobres.[5] Apesar destas boas qualidades, tem tendência a tornar-se dominante e a colonizar áreas já vegetadas, como arbustos anões, onde ultrapassa a flora natural e ameaça a biodiversidade.[4] O crescimento do lupino-nootka levou ao debate público sobre a sua presença na Islândia, com alguns a elogiar a sua melhoria do solo através da fixação de azoto e da cor vibrante que traz à paisagem da Islândia, e outros preocupados com a erradicação da flora nativa, nomeadamente as manchas de mirtilo e mirtilo aussídas.[6]

A expectativa inicial era que o lupino-nootka recuasse gradualmente, juntamente com o aumento da fertilidade do solo e cedesse lugar a outras espécies. Isto é evidente em locais na Islândia onde o lúpino foi introduzido cedo, como em Heiðmörk perto de Reykjavík.[7] No entanto, a sucessão de plantas destina-se a uma pradaria rica em forb, muitas vezes dominada pela espécie invasora Anthriscus sylvestris, o que significa que é necessária uma gestão cuidadosa do lúpino para evitar que ela colonize áreas onde a sua presença não é desejável.[8]


Referências

  1. Magnusson, B. (2006): NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Lupinus nootkatensis. – From: Online Database of the North European and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species – NOBANIS www.nobanis.org, Acesso em 31 de outubro de 2008.[1]
  2. Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Invasive Plants in Iceland, acesso em 7 de maio de 2019 [2]
  3. Biological Diversity in Iceland (2001). National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Ministry for the Environment and the Icelandic Institute of Natural History [3]
  4. a b Borgthor Magnusson, "NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet: Lupinus nootkatensis," pp. 4-5 [4]
  5. Sigurður Arnarson (2014). Belgjurtabókin. Sumarhúsið og garðurinn.
  6. Bjarnason, Egill (16 de janeiro de 2018). «Why Iceland Is Turning Purple». Hakai Magazine. Consultado em 26 de agosto de 2022 
  7. Daði Björnsson (2011). Hörfar lúpínan? Dæmi úr Heiðmörk. (Does lupine retreat? The case of Heiðmörk) Skógræktarritið, The Journal of the Icelandic Forestry Association, the second issue of 2011. Skógræktarfélag Íslands.
  8. Borgthor Magnusson, "NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet: Lupinus nootkatensis," pp. 7-9 [5]

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