Lista de xás do Império Sassânida

Dinastia de Sasano

Nome Moeda Reinado Notas Ref.
Artaxer I 224–242 Artaxer descendia de uma linhagem de sacerdotes zoroastristas que governava a província da Pérsia. Seu avô paterno foi Sasano, o grande sacerdote do Templo de Anaíta; historiadores posteriores dariam à dinastia reinante da Pérsia a designação sassânida. O pai de Artaxer, Pabeco, depôs o rei da Pérsia (vassalo do Império Parta) e assumiu o trono. O próprio Artaxer subiu ao poder na Pérsia em 208, após rebelar-se contra seu irmão Sapor.

Artaxer e seus sucessores estabeleceram um vasto império baseado em Firuzabade (naquela época conhecida como Gor), que alcançava as fronteiras do antigo Império Aquemênida a leste do rio Eufrates. Sucedeu-lhe seu filho Sapor IArtaxer era filho de Rotaces e Pabeco ou Sasano (dependendo da tradição). No Feitos do Divino Sapor, Sapor I cita Denaces como sua esposa. Artaxer teve possivelmente seis filhos: Sapor I, que cogoverna consigo entre 240-242 e sucedeu-o desde 242; Mirxa, o de Mesena; Artaxer, xá da Carmânia; Artaxer (?), xá de Adiabena; Perozes, o patrocinador de Maniqueu; Artaxer, xá do Sacastão; Narses; e Roducte, filha de Anosace, possível esposa sua. Cornanzém e Tiesmace, também mencionadas nos Feitos, foram consideradas por alguns estudiosos como outras de suas esposas.

Sapor I 240–270 Filho do antecessor. Cogoverna com seu pai entre 240 e 242. Fica famoso na tradição árabe como conquistador de Hatra. Em seu reinado, conduziu três expedições importantes contra o Império Romano, causando a morte de Gordiano III, a submissão de Filipe, o Árabe e a captura de Valeriano. Obteve enorme quantidade de butim e prisioneiros que foram levados à Pérsia. Apesar do sucesso, sofreu alguns revezes nas mãos do árabe pró-romano Odenato. Com os novos recursos humanos e materiais, conduziu importante programa de revitalização das cidades do Império Sassânida e foi tido como rei tolerante, permitindo a proliferação das minorias religiosas em detrimento do zoroastrismo. [1][2]
Hormisda I 270–271 Filho do antecessor. No início da segunda campanha de seu pai contra o Império Romano (251–256), ajudou-o a derrubar o rei da Armênia e recebeu o título de "grão-rei armênio". Também conduz grande expedição na Capadócia nesse momento. Com a morte de seu pai, sucede-o no trono, mas governo por apenas um ano. [1]
Vararanes I 271/273–274/276 Vararanes I ou Baram/Bahram I (? -276) foi um rei do Império Sassânida (ساسانیان em persa). Reinou desde 273 até 276. Foi antecedido por seu pai Hormisda I, reinou por três anos, e foi sucedido por Vararanes II. Durante os três anos do seu reinado, houve paz com o Império Romano.
Vararanes II 274/276–293
Vararanes III 293
Narses I 293–302
Hormisda II 302/303–309
Adanarses 309
Sapor II 309–379
Artaxer II 379–383
Sapor III 383–388
Vararanes IV 388–399
Isdigerdes I 399–420
Sapor IV 420
Cosroes, o Usurpador 420
Vararanes V 420–438
Isdigerdes II 438–457
Hormisda III 457–459
Perozes I 457–484
Balas 484–488
Cavades I 488–496
Zamasfes 496–498
Cavades I 498–531
Cosroes I 531–579
Hormisda IV 579–590
Cosroes II 590

Casa de Mirranes

Nome Moeda Reinado Notas Ref.
Vararanes VI 590–591

Casa de Sasano (restaurada)

Nome Moeda Reinado Notas Ref.
Cosroes II 591–628

Casa de Ispabudã (rival)

Nome Moeda Reinado Notas Ref.
Bestã 591–595

Casa de Sasano

Nome Moeda Reinado Notas Ref.
Cavades II 628
Artaxer III 628–629/630

Casa de Mirranes (rival)

Nome Moeda Reinado Notas Ref.
Sarbaro 629/630

Casa de Sasano

Nome Moeda Reinado Notas Ref.
Cosroes III 629/630
Borana 630
Sapor V 630
Perozes II 630
Azarmiducte 630–631

Casa de Ispabudã (rival)

Nome Moeda Reinado Notas Ref.
Hormisda V 630–631

Casa de Sasano

Nome Moeda Reinado Notas Ref.
Hormisda VI 630–631
Cosroes IV 631
Farruquezade Cosroes V 631
Borana 631–632
Isdigerdes III 632/633–651

Reis titulares

Nome Moeda Reinado Notas Ref.
Perozes III 651–679
Narses 679–incerto

Referências

Bibliografia

  • Martindale, J. R.; A. H. M. Jones (1971). «Sapor I». The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260-395. Cambrígia: Cambridge University Press 

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