Linha Durand

A Ásia Central em 1893
A Linha Durand

Linha Durand é uma linha de demarcação de fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Raj britânico estabelecida pelo acordo entre o emir Abderramão Cã e Sir Mortimer Durand, representante do Império Britânico.

Esta linha divide artificialmente as tribos pastós que partilham o mesmo idioma e organização social[1][2] e atualmente demarca de facto a fronteira entre Afeganistão e Paquistão. Cabul nunca reconheceu essa divisão fronteiriça, no entanto, a fronteira permanece sendo considerada como intocável pelo Paquistão.[3]

História

Depois de se chegar a um impasse em duas guerras contra os afegãos (veja-se o Grande Jogo e a Primeira Guerra Anglo-Afegã), os britânicos forçaram em 12 de novembro de 1893 o Emir Abderramão Cã do Afeganistão a um acordo para delimitar a fronteira entre o que era o Afeganistão e a Índia Britânica.

A Linha Durand recebeu o seu nome de Sir Mortimer Durand, secretário para os assuntos estrangeiros do governo anglo-indiano, e o tratado também garantiu ao Emir do Afeganistão um salário anual dos britânicos, bem como fornecimento de armas.

Ver também

Referências

  1. Georges Lefeuvre. «Para sair do impasse afegão». Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil. Arquivado do original em 14 de setembro de 2016 
  2. Noam Chomsky. «Abaixo a linha de Durand!». Terra Magazine. 
  3. Georges Lefeuvre. «La frontière afghano-pakistanaise, source de guerre, clef de la paix». Le Monde Diplomatique 

Read other articles:

No debe confundirse con Comisión Internacional de la Iluminación. Comisión Electrotécnica Internacional Tipo Organización de estándaresFundación 1906Sede central Ginebra (Suiza)Miembro de Comité Conjunto para las Guías en MetrologíaSitio web www.iec.ch y www.iec.ch[editar datos en Wikidata] La Comisión Electrotécnica Internacional (CEI), también conocida por su sigla en inglés IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), es una organización de normalización en lo...

 

Auditorat Utama Keuangan Negara I Badan Pemeriksa KeuanganRepublik IndonesiaGambaran umumDasar hukumUndang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2006Peratura BPK RI Tahun 2020Susunan organisasiAuditor UtamaDr. Akhsanul Khaq M.B.A., CMA., CFE., CA., Ak., CSFA., CPA., CFrA.Kepala SekretariatDr. Taufiq Supriadi S.E., M.T., CSFA., CertDA. KepalaAuditorat I.AEdy Witono S.E., M.M., Ak., CSFA.Auditorat I.BSarjono S.E., M.B.A., CSFA.Auditorat I.CIda Irawati S.E., M.Adm.Pemb., Ak., ACPA., CA., CSFA., CFrA.Auditorat I...

 

Graduate professional school at the University of California, Santa Barbara Bren School of Environmental Science & ManagementEstablished1991DeanSteve GainesLocationSanta Barbara, California, United StatesWebsitebren.ucsb.edu The Bren School of Environmental Science & Management is the graduate environmental studies school of the University of California, Santa Barbara. The mission of the Bren School is to play a leading role in researching environmental issues, identifying and solving...

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Peta lokasi Modasa di Gujarat. Wabah hepatitis B Gujarat 2009 adalah epidemik hepatitis B yang menyebar di Modasa, Gujarat utara, India. Lebih dari 125 orang terinfeksi dan lebih dari 49 orang tewas akibat epidemi ini. Beberapa dokter diperiksa dan di...

 

رموز الكنوز في تفسير الكتاب العزيز الاسم رموز الكنوز في تفسير الكتاب العزيز المؤلف عز الدين الرسعني الموضوع علوم القرآن، علم التفسير، أصول الدين، علم التصوف العقيدة أهل السنة والجماعة، حنبلية، صوفية الفقه حنبلي البلد  سوريا -  العراق اللغة عربية حققه عبد الملك بن عبد...

 

Bendera pasukan Chōshū pada Perang Boshin. Domain Chōshū (長州藩code: ja is deprecated , Chōshū han) adalah sebuah domain feodal di Jepang pada zaman Edo (1603–1867).[1] Domain tersebut meliputi wilayah Prefektur Yamaguchi pada zaman sekarang. Ibu kotanya adalah Hagi. Nama Chōshū adalah tangan pendek untuk Provinsi Nagato. Domain tersebut memainkan peran utama dalam Keshogunan Tokugawa Akhir. Domain tersebut dikenal juga sebagai Domain Hagi (萩藩code: ja is deprecated ,...

染色體的一部分被刪除。 刪除(英語:Deletion)在遺傳學中有時也稱為刪除突變或微刪除,指染色體或DNA序列的一部分發生缺失,進而失去這些遺傳物質。刪除的程度不一,可能是單一鹼基對,也可能是整個染色體[1]。此種作用可於減數分裂中,染色體互換時產生,是某些遺傳疾病的成因。 參見 插入 染色體易位 參考文獻 ^ Lewis R. 2005. Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications, 6...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) لويز روي معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1947 (العمر 75–76 سنة)  مدينة كيبك  مواطنة كندا  الحياة العملية المهنة سيدة أعمال  موظفة في جامعة مونتريال  الجو...

 

Metro station in Shenzhen, China This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Yonghu station – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Yonghu永湖General informationLocationLonggang District, Shenzhen, GuangdongChinaOperated byShenzhen Metro Line 3 Oper...

Qin秦221 SM–206 SMKekaisaran Qin sekitar tahun 210 SMStatusKekaisaranIbu kotaXianyangBahasa yang umum digunakanHan KunoAgama Kepercayaan tradisional Tiongkok, LegalismePemerintahanMonarkiKaisar • 221 SM–210 SM Shi Huangdi• 210 SM–207 SM Qin Er Shi Menteri • 221 SM–203 SM Li Si Sejarah • Penyatuan daratan Tiongkok 221 SM•  200 SM• Mangkatnya Qin Shi Huang 210 SM• Ditaklukkan Liu Bang 206 SM Populasi• 210 SM ±...

 

British politician and lawyer The Right Honourable SirDingle FootQCSolicitor General for England and WalesIn office18 October 1964 – 24 August 1967Prime MinisterHarold WilsonPreceded bySir Peter RawlinsonSucceeded bySir Arthur IrvineMember of Parliamentfor IpswichIn office24 October 1957 – 29 May 1970Preceded byRichard StokesSucceeded byErnle MoneyMember of Parliamentfor DundeeIn office27 October 1931 – 15 June 1945Serving with Florence HorsbrughPreced...

 

IIe millénaire av. J.-C. | Ier millénaire av. J.-C. | Ier millénaire ../.. | IXe siècle av. J.-C. | VIIIe siècle av. J.-C. | VIIe siècle av. J.-C. | VIe siècle av. J.-C. | Ve siècle av. J.-C. | ../.. Années 690 av. J.-C. | Années 680 av. J.-C. | Années 670 av. J.-C. | Années 660 av. J.-C. | Années 650 av. J.-C. Années 640 av. J.-C. | Années 630 av. J.-C. | Années 620 av. J.-C. | Années 610 av. J.-C. | ...

BRP Bagong Silang (PG-104) on station in Manila Bay during the APEC Summit in 2015. History Philippines NameBagong Silang NamesakeBagong Silang means New Born in English OperatorPhilippine Navy Ordered1978 BuilderCavite Naval Shipyard, Cavite City, Philippines CommissionedJune 1983 Recommissioned1994 Decommissioned1992 ReclassifiedApril 2016 to PB-104 Statusin active service General characteristics Class and typeKagitingan class TypeCoastal Patrol Interdiction Craft Displacement160 tons full ...

 

A Bosniak infantry position in Eastern Galicia during World War I. A Bosniak Military Imam in the Austro-Hungarian Army. The Bosnian-Herzegovinian Infantry (German: Bosnisch-Hercegovinische Infanterie; Serbo-Croatian: Bosanskohercegovačka pješadija / Босанскохерцеговачка пјешадија), commonly called the Bosniaken (German for Bosnians),[a] were a branch of the Austro-Hungarian Army. Recruited from within the two regions of the Dual-Monarchy having a signif...

 

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Kosovafilm – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Kosovafilm Kosovafilmi was a film production, distribution and screening company in Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, Yugoslavia. Established on 2...

Chandeshvara Chandesha or Canda or Chandikeshwara is one of the 63 Nayanars. Processional bronze images of him generally show him as a boy, with entwined locks of hair, standing with his hands in Añjali Mudrā and with an axe in the crook of his arm. In the Shaiva temples of South India, his shrine is positioned within the first enclosure wall of the temple complex and to the North East of the lingam. He is there typically shown seated, with one leg dangling downwards, a hand on one thigh an...

 

Stock car racing team TriStar MotorsportsOwner(s)Bryan SmithBaseMooresville, North CarolinaSeriesMonster Energy NASCAR Cup SeriesManufacturerChevrolet, FordOpened1989Closed2019CareerDebutMonster Energy NASCAR Cup Series:1989 Winston 500 (Talladega)Xfinity Series:2010 DRIVE4COPD 300 (Daytona)Latest raceMonster Energy NASCAR Cup Series:2018 Ford EcoBoost 400 (Homestead) Xfinity Series:2017 Ford EcoBoost 300 (Homestead)Races competedTotal: 884Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series: 197Xfinity Series: ...

 

New Zealand Defence ForceHistoireFondation 1990CadreType Forces arméesSiège Wellington (6011)Pays  Nouvelle-ZélandeOrganisationSite web (en) www.nzdf.mil.nz/nzdfmodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata La New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF, en maori Te Ope Kaatua o Aotearoa) se compose de trois branches : la New Zealand Army, la Royal New Zealand Navy et la Royal New Zealand Air Force. Son commandant en chef est le gouverneur général (poste aujourd'hui occupé par Dame...

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。(このテンプレートの使い方)出典検索?: 日本の鉄道事故 1950年から1999年 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL(2016年1月) 各項目の見出し(事故...

 

 2020年托斯卡尼大獎賽賽事細節 2020年世界一級方程式錦標賽共17站中的第9站← 上一場下一場 → 穆傑洛賽道布局日期 2020年9月13日官方名稱 2020年一级方程式賽車倍耐力托斯卡尼法拉利1000大奖赛[1]舉辦地點 意大利斯卡爾佩里亞–聖皮耶羅(英语:Scarperia e San Piero)穆傑洛賽道賽道類型 永久性賽道賽道長度 5.245公里(3.259英里)比賽距離 59圈,309.455公里(192....

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!