Língua taurepangue

Pemón

Taurepangue

Outros nomes:Pemong
Falado(a) em:  Brasil (Roraima)
Guiana
 Venezuela
Região: Próximos da fronteira com a Guiana[1]
Total de falantes: 30 mil
Família: Caribe
 Setentrional
  Guiana Oriental e Ocidental
   Macuxi-Kapon
    Kapon
     Pemón
Códigos de língua
ISO 639-1: --
ISO 639-2: ---
ISO 639-3: aoc

O pemón (em espanhol) ou tuarepangue é uma língua ameríndia da família Caribana falada por cerca de 30 mil pessoas da etnia pemón no sudeste de Venezuela, particularmente no Parque Nacional Canaima, no estado de Roraima do Brasil e na Guiana.

Abrange vários dialetos, incluindo Arecuna (ou Arekuna), Camaracota, Camaracoto, Ingariko (ou Ingarikó), Taulipang, e Taurepan (Camaracoto pode ser uma linguagem distinta). A língua pemón também pode ser conhecida e designada informalmente por um dos dois dialetos Arecuna (ou Arekuna) ou Ingariko (ou Ingarikó) ou incorretamente sob o nome Kapon, que normalmente designa outro pequeno grupo de idiomas intimamente relacionados.

Pemon é uma das várias outras línguas caibenhas venezuelanas estreitamente relacionadas, que também incluem a Macuxi e a Kapon (ou Kapong, também às vezes usada pelos nativos para nomear a própria língua Pemon, ainda que Kapon cubre estritamente apenas as duas línguas Akawaio e Patamona). Esses quatro idiomas (incluindo o macuxi) formam o grupo de idiomas Pemongan (ou Pemóng). Os termos gerais Kapon (ou Kapong) e seletivos Ingariko (ou Ingarikó) também são usados localmente como um grupo etnônimo comum dos povos pemón, akawaio e patamono (e às vezes bem como o povo Macux) e também pode ser usado para se referir ao grupo dos quatro idiomas pemongan (ou Pemóng) que eles falam.

Tipologia

O tipo de sintaxe da linguagem Pemon é Sujeito-Objeto-Verbo (SOV) com alternância para Objeto-Verbo-Sujeito (OVS).[2]

Escrita

Pemon era uma linguagem exclusivamente oral até o século XX. Recentemente, foram feitos esforços para produzir dicionários e gramáticas, principalmente por missionários católicos, como Armellada e Gutiérrez Salazar. O alfabeto latino foi usado, adicionando sinais diacríticos para representar alguns fonemas que não existem em espanhol.[3]

Fonologia

Consoantes

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar
Oclusiva p t k
Fricativa s
Nasal m n
Vibrante ɾ
Aproximante j w

Alofones de /s n k j/ são [tʃ ŋ ʔ ʎ].[4]

Vogais

Pemon tem as seguintes vogais:

  Anterior central Posterior
Aberta i ɨ u
Meio-aberta e ɵ o
Fechada   a  

Ainda existem textos usando caracteres em espanhol, sem caracteres distintos para / o / ou / ɵ /. Os sons ditongos são [aɪ, au, ɔɪ, eɪ].

Gramática

Os pronomes são:

Pemon Português
yuré Eu, me, mim
amäre você
muere, mesere ele, ela
urekon nós (Inclusivo)
ina nós (exclusivo)
amärenokon vocês
ichamonan eles

Empréstimos lexicais

Notas e referências

  1. Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version.
  2. La Transitividad en Japrería Arquivado em 2011-07-21 no Wayback Machine.
  3. «Archived copy» (PDF). Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2009. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 17 de janeiro de 2009  Guide for Pemon (Spanish)
  4. Edwards, Walter F. (1978). A Preliminary Sketch of Arekuna (Carib) Phonology. [S.l.]: International Journal of American Linguistics 

Bibliografia

  • Gutiérrez Salazar, Msr Mariano: Gramática Didáctica de la Lengua Pemón. Caracas 2001. ISBN 980-244-282-8.
  • De Armellada, Fray Cesáreo y Olza, Jesús,s.j.: Gramática de la lengua pemón (morfosintaxis) (1999) Caracas, Publicaciones Ucab, Vicariato Apostólico del Caroní y Universidad Católica del Táchira. 289 pages.
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Referências

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