Junta de Reconstrução Nacional

A Junta de Reconstrução Nacional (em castelhano: Junta de Gobierno de Reconstrucción Nacional) governou a Nicarágua oficialmente de julho de 1979 a janeiro de 1985, apesar do poder efetivo estar nas mãos da Direção Nacional da Frente Sandinista de Libertação Nacional.

Os rebeldes sandinistas anunciaram a Junta como o seu governo provisório em 16 de junho de 1979, quando a guerra civil contra o regime de Anastasio Somoza Debayle entrou na sua fase final. Era composta por cinco membros: um membro da diretoria da FSLN, Daniel Ortega; dois ativistas de esquerda, Sergio Ramírez e Moisés Hassan Morales; e dois representantes de direita, Alfonso Robelo e Violeta Barrios de Chamorro.[1]

Na primeira quinzena de julho, o enviado do governo dos Estados Unidos, William Bowdler, pressionou os sandinistas para ampliar a junta pela adição de mais membros, como Adolfo Calero, Ismael Reyes, e Mariano Fiallos.

Após a queda de Somoza, rapidamente se tornou evidente para Robelo e Chamorro que eles não tinham nenhum poder real e Chamorro renunciou em 19 de abril de 1980, seguido por Robelo três dias depois. Em 18 de maio, foram substituídos por Arturo Cruz e Rafael Córdova Rivas. Cruz iria renunciar em março de 1981, embora concordasse em ser embaixador por um tempo para os Estados Unidos. Em 4 de março, a nomeação de Cruz para Washington foi anunciada, em conjunto com a partida de Hassan para o Conselho de Estado e promoção de Ortega para Coordenador da junta já com três membros. Enquanto a junta pode ter oferecido pouca autoridade para seus membros não-sandinistas, o seu papel público ajudou a solidificar o primado de Ortega na Direção da FSLN e melhorou a proeminência de Ramírez.

Em 4 de novembro de 1984, a eleição presidencial foi realizada sendo vencida pelo líder membro junta e revolucionário Daniel Ortega e seu companheiro de chapa, Sergio Ramírez, como vice-presidente. No entanto, alguns partidos da oposição boicotaram-a, alegando condições injustas. Enquanto a administração Reagan e muitos meios de comunicação tradicionais dos Estados Unidos alegaram a eleição não seria nem livres nem justas, numerosos observadores eleitorais filiados com os governos da Europa Ocidental, bem como de organizações não-governamentais dos Estados Unidos, declararam o resultado legítimo.[2] Ortega tomou posse em 10 de janeiro e a junta foi dissolvida.

Referências

  1. Gobierno de la República de Nicaragua. «EL GOBIERNO DE RECONSTRUCCION NACIONAL DE LA REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA». Normas Jurídicas de Nicaragua, Publicado en La Gaceta No. 1 de 22 de agosto de 1979 (em espanhol) 
  2. «On this day: 1984: Sandinistas claim election victory». BBC News (em inglês). 5 de novembro de 1984 

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