Ivã VI da Rússia

Ivã VI
Imperador e Autocrata de Todas as Rússias
Ivã VI da Rússia
Imperador da Rússia
Reinado 28 de outubro de 1740
a 6 de dezembro de 1741
Coroação 28 de outubro de 1740
Predecessora Ana
Sucessora Isabel
Regente Ana Leopoldovna da Rússia
Nascimento 23 de agosto de 1740
  São Petersburgo, Rússia
Morte 16 de julho de 1764 (23 anos)
  Shlisselburg, Rússia
Nome completo Ivan Antonovich Romanov
Casa Brunsvique-Bevern
Pai Antônio Ulrico de Brunsvique-Volfembutel
Mãe Ana Leopoldovna da Rússia

Ivã VI (São Petersburgo, 23 de agosto de 1740 – Shlisselburg, 16 de julho de 1764) foi o Imperador da Rússia de 1740 até ser deposto em 1741 por sua prima distante Isabel em um golpe de estado.[1][2] Era filho da grã-duquesa Ana Leopoldovna da Rússia e seu marido o duque Antônio Ulrico de Brunsvique-Volfembutel.[3] Depois de ser deposto, Ivã viveu o resto da sua vida em cativeiro junto com a família até ser morto por seus próprios guardas após alguns oficiais militares terem tentado libertá-lo.

Imperador da Rússia

A sua tia-avó Imperatriz Ana adotou-o às oito semanas de vida e declarou-o seu sucessor em 5 de Outubro de 1740.[3] Com a morte de Ana (17 de Outubro no calendário juliano/28 de Outubro no calendário gregoriano, de 1740) Ivã foi proclamado Imperador, e no dia seguinte Ernst Johann von Biron, duque da Curlândia, tornou-se regente. Com a queda de Biron (8 Novembro), a regência passou para a sua mãe, embora tenha sido o vice-chanceler Andrei Osterman que conduzia a governação.

Prisioneiro

Catorze meses depois um golpe de estado colocava a Imperatriz Isabel no trono (6 de Dezembro de 1741), e Ivã e a sua família foram aprisionados na fortaleza de Dunamunde (13 de Dezembro de 1742).[3]

Morte

Em 1762 subiu ao trono a Imperatriz Catarina II e foram dadas ordens rigorosas ao oficial responsável pela sua detenção: Perante qualquer tentativa de fuga, o preso Ivã deveria ser fuzilado. Em nenhuma circunstância poderia ser entregue vivo nas mãos de alguém. Mas a esta altura vinte anos de prisão haviam afectado o seu equilíbrio mental, e apesar do mistério que o rodeava, estava consciente da sua origem imperial, e sempre se chamava Gosudar (o soberano). Apesar de terem sido dadas ordens para mantê-lo ignorante, permitiam-lhe ler as suas cartas e a sua Bíblia. Do mesmo modo a sua residência em Schlüsselburg não poderia permanecer oculta para sempre, e a sua descoberta seria a causa da sua ruína. Um sub-tenente, Vasily Mirovich, averiguou sobre si, e idealizou um plano para o libertar e proclamar Imperador. À meia-noite de 5 de Julho de 1764, Mirovich persuadiu um sector da guarnição, deteve o comandante, Berednikov, e exigiu a entrega de Ivã. Os seus carcereiros finalmente assassinaram-no.

Referências

  1. Dvornik, Francis (1962). The Slavs in European History and Civilization (em inglês). New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p. 558 
  2. Inc, Encyclopaedia Britannica (2010). Encyclopaedia Britannica Almanac 2010 (em inglês). Londres: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. p. 494 
  3. a b c Kwiatkowski, Richard (2016). The Country That Refused to Die: The Story of the People of Poland (em inglês). Bloomington: Xlibris Corporation. p. 216 
Ivã VI da Rússia
Casa de Brunsvique-Bevern
Ramo da Casa de Brunsvique-Luneburgo
23 de agosto de 1740 – 16 de julho de 1764
Precedido por
Ana

Imperador da Rússia
28 de outubro de 1740 – 6 de dezembro de 1741
Sucedido por
Isabel
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