Intervencionismo (relações internacionais)

Edifício-sede do Exército Iugoslavo danificado pelos bombardeios da OTAN durante a invasão de 1999
Tanques estadunidenses entrando em Bagdá em 2003

Intervencionismo é um termo para uma política de atividade não defensiva (pró-ativa) empreendida por um Estado-nação ou outra jurisdição geopolítica de natureza menor ou maior, para manipular uma economia e / ou sociedade. As aplicações mais comuns do termo são para o intervencionismo estrangeiro (uma intervenção de um Estado nos assuntos de uma outra nação como parte de sua política externa).[1]

Refere-se a uma prática política de intervenção, particularmente à prática de governos de interferir em assuntos políticos de outros países, realizando intervenções militares ou comerciais. A intervenção militar, como questão principal, foi definida no contexto das relações internacionais como "o destacamento de militares através de fronteiras reconhecidas com o objetivo de determinar a estrutura de autoridade política no Estado alvo". As intervenções podem ser apenas focadas em alterar as estruturas de autoridade política, mas também ser conduzidas para fins humanitários, bem como cobrança de dívidas.[2]

Em política internacional, denomina-se intervencionismo ao conjunto de atos mediante os quais um Estado procura influir sobre as decisões de outro de forma não legítima, com ou sem o uso da força. Historicamente, essas práticas foram frequentes, com finalidades políticas e econômicas. Foram adotadas, por exemplo, durante o segundo pós-guerra, na chamada Guerra Fria, no sentido de manter um certo equilíbrio geopolítico entre os blocos de poder hegemônicos - a OTAN (constituída pelos países capitalistas do Ocidente, capitaneados pelos Estados Unidos) e o Pacto de Varsóvia (integrado pelos países comunistas da União Soviética e seus aliados). Na América Latina, os Estados Unidos mantinham, no Canal do Panamá, sob sua jurisdição, a famosa Escola das Américas, destinada a treinar militares e apoiar regimes ditatoriais pró-americanos, o que pode ser configurado como uma prática intervencionista.

Exemplos históricos

1800-1900
1900-1990
1990-2000
2000-presente

Ver também

Referências

  1. Robert Higgs and Carl P. Close, "Opposing the Crusader State: Alternatives to Global Interventionism", 2007 ISBN 978-1-59813-015-7
  2. Finnemore, Martha (2004). The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force. [S.l.]: Cornell University Press. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-81-7049-205-4 
  3. Giraldez, Arturo (2001). "Book Review: The World That Trade Created: Society, Culture, and the World Economy, 1400 to the Present" Journal of World History vol 12.2, 482–85 (online)
  4. Hammond, Kenneth J. (2008) "From Yao to Mao: 5000 Years of Chinese History", The Teaching Company

Bibliografia

Ligações externas

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