Interação de troca

Em física, a interação de troca ou interação de troca magnética é um efeito descrito pela mecânica quântica que ocorre entre elétrons desemparelhados do mesmo ou de diferentes átomos ou íons, quando as suas funções de onda se sobrepõem; isto é, quando estão relativamente próximos. De forma simplificada, quando dois eletrões estão muito próximos, a sua energia depende da simetria das suas orbitais moleculares (a sua distribuição no espaço) e da orientação relativa dos seus spins (os seus momentos angulares intrínsecos). Esta interação é uma manifestação do princípio de exclusão de Pauli, que está relacionado com a repulsa a curta distância entre átomos e moléculas, o que impede que a matéria colapse.[1]

Referências

  1. ↑ F. J. Dyson, A. Lenard, J. Math. Phys. 8, 3, 423-434 (1967); F. J. Dyson, A. Lenard, J. Math. Phys., 9, 5, 698-711 (1968); E. H. Lieb, W. Thirring, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 687-689 (1975)
Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre física é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

Read other articles:

Paneles de San Vicente de Lisboa

Paneles de San Vicente de Lisboa Paneles de San Vicente de Lisboa es un políptico de seis paneles realizada por el pintor portugués Nuno Gonçalves, fechado en el siglo XV. Se encuentran en el Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga de Lisboa (Portugal).[1]​ La obra fue pintada al óleo y temple sobre madera y tiene unas dimensiones de 207,2 x 64,2 cm; 207 x 60 cm; 206,4 x 128cm; 206,6 x 60,4cm; 206,5 x 63,1 cm.[2]​ Referencias ↑ Museo Nacional de Arte Antigua ↑ Panels of St. Vin...

 

Жут

|Lat_dir|Commons|Примітки|Розмір зображення|UTC|Національне назва|Підпис зображення|Суб?єкт країни|Адміністративна одиниця|Lon_dir Жут КартаКарта островаГеографія 43°52′ пн. ш. 15°19′ сх. д. / 43.867° пн. ш. 15.317° сх. д. / 43.867; 15.317Координати: 43°52′ пн. ш. 15...

 

Hugh Shaw MacKee

Hugh Shaw MacKeeBorn4 October 1912[1]Clough, Northern Ireland[2]Died14 February 1995[1]Noumea, New Caledonia[1]CitizenshipAustralian[1]Alma materUniversity of Belfast (1935), Oxford University (1938)[2][1]Known forBryophytes, fungi, spermatophytes, palms[2]Scientific careerFieldsBotany Collection data for Hugh Shaw MacKee from AVH Hugh Shaw MacKee previously known as Hugh Shaw McKee (1912 – 1995) was a botanist[3&...

IndonesiaLeaks

Peluncuran platform Indonesialeaks di Jakarta, Kamis, 14 Desember 2017. IndonesiaLeaks merupakan platform bersama untuk menghubungkan pembocor informasi/whistleblower dengan media. Platform dengan alamat indonesialeaks.id itu digagas empat lembaga, yaitu Free Press Unlimited (FPU), Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI), Tempo Institute, dan Perhimpunan Pengembangan Media Nusantara (PPMN).[1] Pada mulanya terdapat 10 media yang menjadi anggota IndonesiaLeaks, yaitu KBR, Independen.id, Suar...

 

Hexagon Pool

Lake in Golan Heights Hexagon Pool Hexagon Pool The Hexagon Pool (Hebrew: בריכת המשושים, Breichat HaMeshushim) is a natural pool by the Meshushim River in the Yehudiya Forest Nature Reserve, the central Golan Heights. The pool, at the bottom of a canyon, is named after the shape of the hexagonal basalt columns that make up its walls. This geological formation was created by the slow cooling of layers of lava flows over a long period. When the lava solidified and cooled, it was spl...

 

Lake Aldwell

Reservoir in Clallam County, WashingtonLake AldwellLake bed and river in 2012, after Elwha Dam removalLake AldwellShow map of Washington (state)Lake AldwellShow map of the United StatesLocationOlympic Peninsula, Clallam County, WashingtonCoordinates48°04′50″N 123°34′15″W / 48.08056°N 123.57083°W / 48.08056; -123.57083TypereservoirPrimary inflowsElwha RiverPrimary outflowsElwha RiverCatchment area315 sq mi (820 km2)Basin countriesUnited S...

Valsad district

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Valsad. District of Gujarat in IndiaValsad districtDistrict of GujaratTop: Check dam in Panchlai, PardiBottom: Tithal BeachInteractive Map Outlining Valsad DistrictLocation of Valsad district in GujaratCoordinates: 20°36′36″N 72°55′33″E / 20.61000°N 72.92583°E / 20.61000; 72.92583Country IndiaStateGujaratHeadquartersValsadArea[1] • Total2,947.49 km2 (1,138....

 

Armen Mazmanyan

Armen MazmanyanBornArmen Mazmanyan(1960-02-15)15 February 1960Yerevan, ArmeniaDied8 January 2014(2014-01-08) (aged 53)Occupation(s)Director, actorYears active1981–2014AwardsHonoured art worker of Armenia Armen Mazmanyan (Armenian: Արմեն Մազմանյան, 15 February 1960 – 8 January 2014) was a theater director and actor from Armenia. He was rector of the Yerevan State Institute of Theater and Cinema (YSITC).[1][2] References ^ YSITC | Yerevan State Instit...

 

مينيديون (أيتوليا كي أكارنانيا)

مينيديون    خريطة الموقع تقسيم إداري البلد اليونان  [1] خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 39°02′30″N 21°07′06″E / 39.04166667°N 21.11833333°E / 39.04166667; 21.11833333  الارتفاع 0 متر  معلومات أخرى 300 16  26810  الموقع الرسمي الموقع الرسمي  الرمز الجغرافي 257268  تعديل مصدري - تع...

Olak Kemang, Danau Teluk, Jambi

Olak KemangKelurahanPuskesmas Olak KemangNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJambiKotaJambiKecamatanDanau TelukKodepos36262Kode Kemendagri15.71.06.1003 Kode BPS1571060004 Luas6.83 Km2Jumlah penduduk4.649 JiwaKepadatan681 Jiwa/Km2Jumlah RT13 RT Olak Kemang adalah kelurahan di Kecamatan Danau Teluk, Kota Jambi, Provinsi Jambi, Indonesia. Sejarah Singkat Asal Usul Nama Olak Kemang berasal dari bahasa Melayu. Olak berarti Pusaran Air, dan Kemang adalah nama pohon yang tumbuh di wilayah tersebut. Sehingg...

 

Charge It 2 da Game

1998 studio album by Silkk the ShockerCharge It 2 da GameStudio album by Silkk the ShockerReleasedFebruary 17, 1998Recorded1997–1998GenreSouthern hip hopgangsta rapLength77:39LabelNo LimitPriorityProducerMaster P(exec.)Beats By The Pound Carlos StephensCraig BKLCMo B. DickOdellSilkk the Shocker chronology The Shocker(1996) Charge It 2 da Game(1998) Made Man(1999) Singles from Charge It 2 Da Game Just Be Straight with MeReleased: January 23, 1998 It Ain't My FaultReleased: 1998 Profe...

 

Diana Damrau

German soprano Diana DamrauDamrau in 2012Born (1971-05-31) 31 May 1971 (age 52)Günzburg, Bavaria, West Germany (now Germany)Alma materHochschule für Musik WürzburgOccupationOpera singer (soprano)Years active1995–presentTitleKammersängerinSpouse Nicolas Testé ​(m. 2010)​Children2AwardsBavarian Maximilian Order for Science and ArtBavarian Order of MeritWebsitediana-damrau.com Diana Damrau (German: [diːˈana ˈdamʁaʊ]; born 31 May 197...

Adel Tawil

German singer, songwriter and producer Adel TawilTawil performing in 2019Background informationBirth nameAdel Salah Mahmoud Eid El-TawilBorn (1978-08-15) 15 August 1978 (age 45)Berlin, West GermanyGenresR&Bpophip hopYears active1996–presentWebsiteadel-tawil.deMusical artist Adel Salah Mahmoud Eid El-Tawil (born 15 August 1978) is a German singer, songwriter and producer. Besides his solo career, he is part of the popular German duo Ich + Ich and a former member of the boy band...

 

Hicham Benkaid

French association football player Hicham Benkaid Benkaid in 2019Personal informationDate of birth (1990-04-26) 26 April 1990 (age 33)Place of birth Strasbourg, FranceHeight 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)Position(s) ForwardTeam informationCurrent team RouenNumber 27Senior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2012–2016 Colmar 54 (8)2016–2017 Strasbourg 1 (0)2017–2022 Orléans 82 (15)2022–2023 Stade Briochin 20 (12)2023– Rouen 4 (0)International career‡2011 France Futsal 2 (0) *Club...

 

Hornbeam

Genus of flowering plants HornbeamTemporal range: 49.42–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Ypresian - Recent European hornbeam foliage Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Fagales Family: Betulaceae Subfamily: Coryloideae Genus: CarpinusL. Synonyms[1] Distegocarpus Siebold & Zucc Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the plant genus Carpinus in the family Betulaceae. The 30–40 species occur acr...

Common frog

Species of amphibian For other uses, see Common frog (disambiguation). Common frog Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Amphibia Order: Anura Family: Ranidae Genus: Rana Species: R. temporaria Binomial name Rana temporariaLinnaeus, 1758 Subspecies R. t. temporaria R. t. honnorati R. t. parvipalmata Distribution of Rana temporaria in Europe Male Rana temporaria calling in a garden...

 

XIXe congrès du Parti populaire

XIXe congrès du Parti populaire Date du 20 au 21 juillet 2018 Lieu Madrid (Espagne) Président Pablo Casado Présidence Santamaría : 36,95 %Casado : 34,27 %Cospedal : 25,92 % Comité exécutif Casado : 57,29 %Santamaría : 42,10 % Comité directeur Casado : 56,91 %Santamaría : 42,15 % modifier  Le XIXe congrès du Parti populaire (en espagnol : XIX Congreso Nacional del Partido Popular) est un congr...

 

Pleuven

Pleuven PluwennNegaraPerancisKawasanBrittanyJabatanFinistèreArrondissementQuimperKantonFouesnantInterkomunalitiPays FouesnantaisPentadbiran • Datuk Bandar (2008—2014) Jean LoaecKeluasan113.69 km2 (5.29 batu persegi)Penduduk (1999)22,356 • Kepadatan170/km2 (450/batu persegi)Zon waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)INSEE/Poskod29161 /29170Ketinggian2–77 m (6.6–252.6 ka)Laman sesawangOfficial website1Data Da...

Campos (navio)

Coordenadas: 24° 42' S 45° 45' O Campos O vapor Campos (ex-Asuncion)  Brasil Proprietário Cia. de Navegação Lloyd Brasileiro Operador a mesma Homônimo Campos, município do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Construção 1895, por Blohm & Voss, Hamburgo, Alemanha. Lançamento outubro de 1895 Viagem inaugural Hamburgo - Santos Porto de registro Rio de Janeiro Estado Afundado em 23 de outubro de 1943, pelo U-170 (Günther Pfeffer) Características gerais Classe misto (cargueiro/p...

 

Pólnô niezabôtka

Pólnô niezabôtka Pólnô niezabôtka (Myosotis arvensis) - to je ôrt roscënë z rodzëznë wòdrôkòwatëch. Te niezabôtczi roscą m. jin. na Kaszëbach, a òna mòże kwitnąc w łżëkwiace. To je blós ùzémk artikla. Rôczimë do jegò rozwicégò.

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!