Holocausto na Lituânia

Massacre de judeus por lituanos na garagem de Lietūkis em 27 de junho de 1941 durante o pogrom de Kaunas. No fundo, soldados alemães e civis lituanos, incluindo mulheres e crianças, são espectadores do massacre.

O Holocausto na Lituânia resultou na destruição quase total de judeus lituanos e poloneses, que viviam em Generalbezirk Litauen do Reichskommissariat Ostland dentro da RSS da Lituânia controlada pelos nazistas. Dos aproximadamente 208 000–210 000 judeus, estima-se que 190 000–195 000 foram assassinados antes do final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, a maioria deles entre junho e dezembro de 1941. Mais de 95% da população judaica da Lituânia foi massacrada durante os três anos de ocupação alemã – uma destruição mais completa do que a de qualquer outro país afetado pelo Holocausto. Os historiadores atribuem isto à colaboração massiva no genocídio por parte dos paramilitares locais não-judeus, embora as razões para esta colaboração ainda sejam debatidas. O Holocausto resultou na maior perda de vidas de todos os tempos em tão curto período de tempo na história da Lituânia.[1][2][3][4][5]

Os acontecimentos ocorridos nas regiões ocidentais da URSS ocupadas pela Alemanha nazista nas primeiras semanas após a invasão alemã, incluindo a Lituânia, marcaram uma acentuada intensificação do Holocausto.[6][7][8]

A administração ocupante nazista alemã alimentou o anti-semitismo ao atribuir a culpa pela anexação da Lituânia pelo regime soviético em junho de 1940 à comunidade judaica. Em grande medida, os nazis também recorreram à organização física, preparação e execução das suas ordens por colaboradores locais lituanos.[4][5]

A partir de 2020, o tema do Holocausto na Lituânia e o papel desempenhado pelos lituanos no genocídio, incluindo vários nacionalistas lituanos notáveis, permanecem controversos.[9]

Referências

  1. Bubnys, Arūnas (2004). «Holocaust in Lithuania: An Outline of the Major Stages and Their Results». The Vanished World of Lithuanian Jews. [S.l.]: Rodopi. pp. 218–219. ISBN 978-90-420-0850-2 
  2. Reich, Aaron. «On This Day: Nazis liquidate Vilnius Ghetto, slaughter Lithuanian Jews». The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com (em inglês). Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2023 
  3. Daniel Brook, "Double Genocide. Lithuania wants to erase its ugly history of Nazi collaboration – by accusing Jewish partisans who fought the Germans of war crimes.", Slate, July 26, 2015
  4. a b Porat, Dina (2002). «The Holocaust in Lithuania: Some Unique Aspects». In: David Cesarani. The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation. [S.l.]: Routledge. pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-0-415-15232-7 
  5. a b MacQueen, Michael (1998). «The Context of Mass Destruction: Agents and Prerequisites of the Holocaust in Lithuania». Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 12 (1): 27–48. ISSN 8756-6583. doi:10.1093/hgs/12.1.27 
  6. Matthäus, Jürgen (2007). «Operation Barbarossa and the onset of the Holocaust». In: Christopher R. Browning. The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939–March 1942. [S.l.]: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 244–294. ISBN 978-0-8032-5979-9 
  7. Porat, Dina (2002). «The Holocaust in Lithuania: Some Unique Aspects». In: David Cesarani. The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation. [S.l.]: Routledge. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-415-15232-7 
  8. Kwiet, Konrad (1998). «Rehearsing for Murder: The Beginning of the Final Solution in Lithuania in June 1941». Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 1 (12): 3–26. ISSN 8756-6583. doi:10.1093/hgs/12.1.3 
  9. Stanislovas Stasiulis "The Holocaust in Lithuania: The Key Characteristics of Its History, and the Key Issues in Historiography and Cultural Memory." East European Politics and Societies 34#1 (2020): 261–279.

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