Heinrich Lenz

Heinrich Lenz
Heinrich Lenz
Lei de Lenz
Nascimento 12 de fevereiro de 1804
Tartu
Morte 10 de fevereiro de 1865 (60 anos)
Roma
Nacionalidade estoniano
Cidadania Império Russo
Progenitores
  • Christian* Heinrich Friedrich Lenz
Cônjuge Anna Lenz
Filho(a)(s) Robert Lenz
Irmão(ã)(s) Robert Lenz
Alma mater Universidade de Tartu
Ocupação físico, engenheiro, inventor, professor universitário
Empregador(a) Universidade Imperial de São Petersburgo, Instituto Pedagógico Principal, Saint Peter's School, Escola de Artilharia Mikhailovsky, Universidade Estatal de São Petersburgo
Instituições Universidade Estatal de São Petersburgo
Campo(s) física
Obras destacadas Lei de Lenz
Causa da morte hemorragia intracerebral

Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (em russo: Эмилий Христианович Ленц; Tartu, 12 de fevereiro de 1804Roma, 10 de fevereiro de 1865) foi um físico estoniano de etnia alemã. O símbolo , representação convencional de indutância, é escolhido em sua memória.[1] É notavelmente citado por formular a Lei de Lenz.

Biografia

Após completar o ensino médio em 1820, Lenz estudou química e física na Universidade de Tartu. Viajou com o navegador Otto von Kotzebue em sua terceira expedição à volta do mundo entre 1823 e 1826. Durante a viagem, Lenz estudou as condições climatéricas e as propriedades físicas da água do mar. Os resultados foram publicados em "Memórias da Academia de Ciências de São Petersburgo" (1831).

Após a viagem, Lenz começou a trabalhar na Universidade Estatal de São Petersburgo, onde mais tarde viria a servir como reitor de matemática e física de 1840 à 1863 e também foi Reitor de 1863 até sua morte em 1865. Lenz também lecionou na Saint Peter's School em São Petersburgo entre 1830 e 1831, além de também na Academia Militar Mikhaulovskaya.

Ganhou fama por ter formulado a lei de Lenz em 1833. Além da lei nomeada em sua honra, Lenz também formulou a lei de Joule em 1842, para honrar seus esforços nesta problemática, também é dada a esta lei o nome de "Lei Joule-Lenz", nomeando também James Prescott Joule.

Lei de Lenz

A relação entre o sentido da corrente elétrica induzida em um circuito fechado e o campo magnético variável que a induziu foi estabelecida pelo físico russo-estoniano Heinrich Lenz. Ele observou que a corrente elétrica induzida produzia efeitos opostos a suas causas. Mais especificamente, Lenz estabeleceu que o sentido da corrente elétrica induzida é tal que o campo magnético criado por ela se opõe à variação do campo magnético que a produziu. Em outras palavras, para gerar uma corrente induzida, é necessário gastar energia.

Outras contribuições notáveis

Lenz participou ativamente no desenvolvimento de tecnologias de galvanização, inventadas por seu amigo e colega de trabalho Moritz von Jacobi. Em 1839, Lenz participou da produção de diversas medalhas através da técnica de galvanoplastia. Juntamente com a produção de relevos galvanoplásticos idealizados por Jacobi no mesmo ano, estas foram as primeiras instâncias da escultura em galvanoplastia.[2]

Morte

Lenz viajou para a Itália em Agosto de 1864 por razões médicas, morreu em 10 de fevereiro de 1865 após sofrer uma hemorragia intracerebral, em Roma.

Homenagens

Uma pequena cratera lunar é batizada em sua homenagem, a Cratera Lenz se localiza no lado oculto da Lua.

Referências

  1. «Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (1804-1865)». National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. Consultado em 23 de maio de 2013 
  2. «História da galvanoplastia na Rússia do século 19.». Wayback Machine (em Russo). 5 de março de 2012. Consultado em 19 de novembro de 2020 

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