Heinrich Göbel

Heinrich Göbel

Primeira foto publicada de Heinrich Göbel, em janeiro de 1893
Nascimento 20 de abril de 1818
Springe
Morte 4 de dezembro de 1893 (75 anos)
Nova Iorque
Nacionalidade norte-americano
Cônjuge Sophie Lübke (c. 1844–87)
Ocupação Mecânico, Inventor

Heinrich Göbel, após 1949 também conhecido como Henry Goebel (Springe, 20 de abril de 1818Nova Iorque, 4 de dezembro de 1893), foi um mecânico de precisão norte-americano nascido na Alemanha e inventor.

Vida

Em 1848 emigrou para Nova York, onde residiu até sua morte. Ele recebeu a cidadania americana em 1865.

Em 1893, revistas e jornais relataram 25 anos antes, Göbel havia desenvolvido lâmpadas incandescentes comparáveis ​​às inventadas em 1879 por Thomas Alva Edison. Göbel não solicitou uma patente.[1]

Em 1893, a Edison Electric Light Company processou três fabricantes de lâmpadas incandescentes por infringir a patente de Edison. A defesa dessas empresas alegou que a patente de Edison foi anulada por causa da mesma invenção de Göbel 25 anos antes, que veio a ser conhecida como a "defesa de Göbel".

Juízes de quatro tribunais[2] levantaram dúvidas; não havia nenhuma prova clara e convincente para a invenção reivindicada. Um trabalho de pesquisa publicado em 2007 concluiu que o Goebel-Defense era fraudulento.[3]

Após a morte de Göbel, em alguns países, surgiu a lenda de que ele foi o verdadeiro inventor da prática lâmpada incandescente.

Göbel adquiriu patentes para uma melhoria de máquinas de costura (1865), para uma melhoria da bomba Geissler (1882) e para uma técnica para conectar fios de carbono a fios de metal em lâmpadas incandescentes (1882). Estas três patentes não tiveram influência em desenvolvimentos técnicos posteriores.[4][5]

Patentes dos EUA concedidas a Henry Goebel

  • Patente 47 632 "Hemmer para Máquinas de Costura", 9 de maio de 1865[6]
  • Patente 252 658 "Bomba de Vácuo (Melhoria do Sistema Geissler de Bombas de Vácuo", 24 de janeiro de 1882[7]
  • Patente 266 358 "Lâmpada Incandescente Elétrica (soquetes para conectar o filamento de carbono e os fios condutores)", 24 de outubro de 1882[8]

Referências

  1. Edison-Patent 223898 „Electric Lamp“ A patente é, do ponto de vista técnico e econômico, uma das mais importantes do século 19.
  2. Details are given in this article chapter "Litigation using the "Göbel defense" in 1893 and 1894." Judges of courts in Boston, St.Louis, Milwaukee and Chicago raised doubts. Judges in Philadelphia ruled based on these decisions.
  3. Hans-Christian Rohde: Die Göbel-Legende – Der Kampf um die Erfindung der Glühlampe. Zu Klampen, Springe 2007, ISBN 978-3-86674-006-8
  4. Hans-Christian Rohde: Die Göbel-Legende – Der Kampf um die Erfindung der Glühlampe. Zu Klampen, Springe 2007, ISBN 978-3-86674-006-8 (German, dissertation, research work on the biography of Henry Goebel, analysis of all documents of the Goebel-Defense available in National Record Administrations of the USA) The author explains his thesis, the Goebel claims were fraudulent.
  5. Frank Dittmann: Heinrich Goebel – Aufstieg und Fall einer deutschen Legende. In: Technikgeschichte. 74, 2 (2007): 149–160, ISSN 0040-117X
  6. Goebel's patent 47.632 „Hemmer for Sewing Machines"
  7. Goebel's patent 252658 „Vacuum Pump"
  8. Goebel's patent 266358 „Electric Incandescent Lamp"

Ligações externas

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