Fórmula molecular

Fórmula Molecular, na Química, é aquela que descreve o número de átomos numa molécula. [1]

Da fórmula molecular

C3H6O

pode-se concluir que numa mole desta substância existem 3 moles de átomos de carbono, 6 de hidrogénio e 1 de oxigénio.

Porém, esta fórmula pode se referir a cinco substâncias diferentes:

Uma cetona: Propanona (Dimetil Cetona ou Acetona) (H3C—CO—CH3)H3C—CH2—CHO) [2]

Um aldeído: Propanal (Propanaldeído) (H3C—CH2—CHO) [3]

Um Éter: Metoxieteno (H3C—O—CH=CH2)

Um Álcool: Prop-2-en-1-ol (H2C=CH—CH2OH) ou Ciclopropanol

Pode-se observar que a fórmula molecular pode gerar, às vezes, engano, quando se necessita determinar a substância. Porém ela pode ser muito útil quando se deseja simplificar equações de reações químicas. Fórmulas mais completas que a molecular, mais utilizadas na química orgânica são a fórmula estrutural e a fórmula estrutural eletrônica ou de Lewis.[1]

Referências

  1. a b Empirical, Molecular and Structural Formulas (em inglês). Khan Academy. Consultado em 21 de maio de 2019 
  2. U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America (2018). «Acetone». NIST Livro de Química na Web, SRD 69. Consultado em 21 de maio de 2019 
  3. U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America (2018). «Propanal». NIST Livro de Química na Web, SRD 69. Consultado em 21 de maio de 2019 

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