Fronteira Armênia–Turquia

Fronteira Armênia–Turquia
Fronteira Armênia–Turquia
Rio Akhurian na fronteira Turquia e Armênia - ao fundo, ponte de Ani.
Delimita:  Armênia
 Turquia
Comprimento: 268 km
Posição: 228
Características: Rio Akhurian

A fronteira entre a Armênia e Turquia é uma linha contínua de 268 km de extensão, sentido noroeste-sudeste, que separa o sul da Armênia do território da Turquia. É marcada pelo rio Akhurian e passa entre as províncias turcas (sul para norte) de Iğdır, Cars, Ardaã e as províncias armênias (sul para norte) de Ararate, Armavir, Aragatsotn, Xiraque.

Essa fronteira foi definida depois do final da Primeira Grande Guerra com a pulverização do Império Otomano, que deu origem à moderna Turquia, e com o estabelecimento de uma república independente da Armênia, que foi em 1920 incorporada na União Soviética.

Em 1994, a Turquia decidiu fecha-la unilateralmente em apoio aos turcófonos do Azerbaijão no Conflito no Nagorno-Karabakh.​[1][2]

Traçado

Esse é um dos trechos fronteiriços que separam os continentes Ásia e Europa na região do Cáucaso. Ao sul a fronteira se inicia no ponto tríplice Turquia-Armênia-Azerbaijão (Naquichevão), na região do Curdistão turco, próximo ao Monte Ararate, à cidade de Ani em Cars, ponto muito próximo também ao noroeste do Irã. Vai até a fronteira tríplice no norte, entre os dois países e a Geórgia.[3]

História

Após o colapso da URSS em 1991, a Armênia conquistou a independência e herdou sua seção da fronteira entre a Turquia e a URSS. Embora a Turquia tenha reconhecido a independência da Armênia, as relações entre os dois países quase imediatamente azedaram e a fronteira foi fechada: a Turquia se opôs às reivindicações irredentistas ao leste da Turquia por nacionalistas armênios defendendo uma 'Armênia Unida', bem como aos esforços da Armênia para obter o reconhecimento internacional do genocídio armênio; a Turquia também apoiou seu aliado Azerbaijão na Primeira Guerra do Alto Carabaque. [4] As relações descongelaram ligeiramente na década de 2000, resultando na assinatura dos Protocolos de Zurique em 2009, nos quais se previa que a fronteira poderia ser reaberta.[5] As negociações fracassaram, no entanto, e a fronteira permanece fechada. [6][7]

Referências

  1. Expert: Turkish-Armenian border to remain closed, 25 de agosto de 2017
  2. The Last Closed Border of the Cold War: Turkey–Armenia, per Vicken Cheterian
  3. Fred M. Shelley Nation Shapes: The Story Behind the World's Borders, p. 450-453
  4. William M. Hale. Turkish Foreign Policy, 1774–2000, Routledge, 2000, ISBN 0-7146-5071-4, p. 273
  5. «Turkey, Armenia sign deal on normalising relations». The Sofia Echo. 10 de outubro de 2009 
  6. Gerard J. Libaridian. Modern Armenia: People, Nation, State, Transaction Publishers, 2004, ISBN 0-7658-0205-8, p. 245
  7. «The Ties That Divide». Economist. Global Heritage Fund. 15 de junho de 2006. Cópia arquivada em 5 de abril de 2008 

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