Formação Horseshoe Canyon

Formação Horseshoe Canyonn
Distribuição estratigráfica: Campaniano - Maastrichtiano 73,1–68 Ma
[1]
Formação Horseshoe Canyon
Formação Horseshoe Canyon em Horsethief Canyon, perto de Drumheller. As faixas escuras são veios de carvão.
Tipo Formação geológica
Unidade do(a) Grupo Edmonton
Sucedida por Formação Battle, Formação Scollard
Precedida por Formação Bearpaw
Litologia
Primária Arenito
Outras Folhelho e Carvão mineral
Localização
Homenagem Horseshoe Canyon
Nomeada por E.J.W. Irish, 1970
Coordenadas 51° 25′ 24″ N, 112° 53′ 18″ O
Região  Alberta
País  Canadá

A Formação Horseshoe Canyon é uma formação geológica da Bacia Sedimentar do Canadá Ocidental no sudoeste de Alberta.[2][3] Ela recebe o nome de Horseshoe Canyon, uma área de terras áridas perto de Drumheller.

Descrição

A Formação Horseshoe Canyon faz parte do Grupo Edmonton. Em sua seção tipo (Red Deer River Valley em Drumheller), tem ~250 metros de espessura, mas mais a oeste a formação é mais antiga e espessa, excedendo 500 metrosperto de Calgary.[4] É datada do Cretáceo Superior, estágios Campaniano ao Maastrichtiano inicial, e é composta de lamito, arenito, xistos carbonáceos e veios de carvão. Uma variedade de ambientes em disposição são representados na sucessão, incluindo planícies de inundação, canais estuarinos e pântanos de carvão, que produziram uma diversidade de material fóssil.[1]

A Formação Horseshoe Canyon aflora extensivamente na área ao redor de Drumheller, bem como mais ao norte ao longo do Rio Red Deer perto de Trochu e ao longo do Rio North Saskatchewan em Edmonton.[2] É coberta pelas formações Battle e Scollard.[4] A Zona de Carvão Drumheller, localizada na parte inferior da Formação Horseshoe Canyon, foi minerada para carvão sub-betuminoso na área de Drumheller de 1911 a 1979, e a Mina de Carvão Atlas em Drumheller foi preservada como um Sítio Histórico Nacional.[5]

Contato (seta vermelha) entre os xistos marinhos subjacentes da Formação Bearpaw e a Formação Horseshoe Canyon costeira. Leitos de carvão (faixas pretas) são comuns na Formação Horseshoe Canyon e foram formados em pântanos costeiros

Paleofauna

Os dinossauros encontrados na Formação Horseshoe Canyon incluem Albertavenator, Albertosaurus, Anchiceratops, Anodontosaurus, Arrhinoceratops, Atrociraptor, Epichirostenotes, Edmontonia, Edmontosaurus, Hypacrosaurus, Ornithomimus, Pachyrhinosaurus, Parksosaurus, Saurolophus e Struthiomimus. Outras descobertas incluíram mamíferos como Didelphodon coyi, répteis não dinossauros, anfíbios, peixes, invertebrados marinhos e terrestres e fósseis de plantas. Répteis como tartarugas e crocodilos são raros na Formação Horseshoe Canyon, e isso foi pensado para refletir o clima relativamente frio que prevalecia na época. Um estudo de Quinney et al. (2013), no entanto, mostrou que o declínio na diversidade de tartarugas, que era anteriormente atribuído ao clima, coincidiu com mudanças nas condições de drenagem do solo, e foi limitado pela aridez, instabilidade da paisagem e barreiras migratórias.[6]

Referências

  1. a b Eberth, David A.; Kamo, Sandra L. (Outubro de 2020). «High-precision U–Pb CA–ID–TIMS dating and chronostratigraphy of the dinosaur-rich Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Campanian–Maastrichtian), Red Deer River valley, Alberta, Canada». Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 57 (10): 1220–1237. Bibcode:2020CaJES..57.1220E. ISSN 0008-4077. doi:10.1139/cjes-2019-0019 
  2. a b Prior, G. J.; Hathaway, B.; Glombick, P.M.; Pana, D.I.; Banks, C.J.; Hay, D.C.,; Schneider, C.L.; Grobe, M.; Elgr, R.; Weiss, J.A. (2013). «Bedrock Geology of Alberta. Alberta Geological Survey, Map 600». Consultado em 13 de agosto de 2013. Arquivado do original em 5 de julho de 2013 
  3. Mossop, G.D. and Shetsen, I., (compilers), Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists (1994). «The Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Chapter 24: Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary strata of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin». Consultado em 1 de agosto de 2013. Arquivado do original em 21 de julho de 2013 
  4. a b Eberth, David A.; Braman, Dennis R. (Setembro 2012). «A revised stratigraphy and depositional history for the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Upper Cretaceous), southern Alberta plains». Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 49 (9): 1053–1086. Bibcode:2012CaJES..49.1053E. ISSN 0008-4077. doi:10.1139/e2012-035 
  5. «Mine History». Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site. Consultado em 9 de junho de 2010. Arquivado do original em 23 de setembro de 2010 
  6. Quinney, Annie; Therrien, François; Zelenitsky, Darla K.; Eberth, David A. (2013). «Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstruction of the Upper Cretaceous (late Campanian–early Maastrichtian) Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada». Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 371: 26–44. Bibcode:2013PPP...371...26Q. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.12.009 
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