Estudos etíopes

Estudos etíopes ou Estudos etíope-eritreus referem-se a um campo académico multidisciplinar dedicado à investigação sobre a Etiópia e a Eritreia dentro do contexto cultural e histórico do Chifre da África.[1]

Visão geral

O conceito clássico de estudos etíopes e eritreus, desenvolvido por estudiosos europeus, é baseado em disciplinas como filologia e linguística, Filosofia, história e etnografia. Inclui o estudo das artes etíopes e eritreias e a história e teologia da Igreja Ortodoxa Etíope. O núcleo clássico dos estudos etíopes e eritreus é a filologia das fontes escritas da Etiópia cristã e da Eritreia e a linguística etio-semítica.[2]

Enquanto que essa abordagem de matriz europeia ainda está viva e tem o seu papel, os estudos etíope-eritreus contemporâneos se abriram para uma orientação metodológica mais ampla que tenta evitar um viés em favor da cultura cristã abissínia (especialmente dos povos Amhara, Tigrinya; cf. povos Habesha). Assim, ela inclui o estudo de outras línguas e culturas afro-asiáticas da Etiópia e da Eritreia, além daquelas de derivação etiópico-semítica; as línguas e culturas não afro-asiáticas da nação, incluindo as culturas do sul da Etiópia; religiões não-cristãs, incluindo o islamismo na Etiópia e na Eritreia e religiões tradicionais; ciências sociais e políticas; bem como questões contemporâneas como estudos de meio ambiente e desenvolvimento.[2]

Instituto de Estudos Etíopes

O estudo de tópicos etíopes e eritreus estava há muito concentrado em instituições académicas europeias. Isto é visto em exemplos como Enno Littmann a dirigir a Expedição Alemã Aksum na Etiópia em 1905.[3] Quando a Itália invadiu a Etiópia, alguns estudiosos italianos como Enrico Cerulli estavam ativos na Etiópia. Como resultado, muitas coleções de manuscritos etíopes e outros materiais da Etiópia são encontrados em museus e bibliotecas europeus.

Os estudos etíopes começaram uma nova era em 1963, quando o Instituto de Estudos Etíopes foi fundado no campus da Universidade Haile Selassie (que mais tarde foi renomeada para Universidade de Addis Abeba).[4] O coração do IEE é a biblioteca, contendo uma grande variedade de materiais publicados e inéditos sobre todos os tipos de assuntos relacionados à Etiópia e ao Corno de África.

Conferências

Académicos de estudos etíopes e eritreus reúnem-se na Conferência Internacional Interdisciplinar de Estudos Etíopes, uma série de encontros que ocorre a cada três anos. Tradicionalmente, cada terceira conferência é realizada na Etiópia. A 19ª reunião foi em Varsóvia, de 24 a 28 de agosto de 2015. A 20ª conferência foi em Mekelle, Etiópia, em 2018. Volumes de procedimentos são publicados após a maioria das conferências.[5]

Os estudos etíopes e eritreus são servidos por algumas revistas e publicações especificamente dedicadas ao domínio. Esses incluem:

Etíopeanistas notáveis

Referências

Bibliografia

  • Abbink, Jon G. 1991: Ethiopian Society and History: a Bibliography of Ethiopian Studies, 1957-1990. Leiden.
  • Abbink, Jon, 1995: Eritreo-Ethiopian Studies in Society and History 1960-1995: a Supplementary Bibliography. Leiden.
  • Abbink, Jon, 2010: A Bibliography of Ethiopian-Eritrean Studies in Society and History 1995-2010. Addis Ababa & Leiden.
  • Baye Yimam. 2009. Five Decades of Ethiopian Studies. Journal of Ethiopian Studies 42.1/2: v-xi.
  • Kropp, Manfred 1994, "From Manuscripts to the Computer: Ethiopian Studies in the Last 150 Years". In: K.J. Cathcart (ed.): The Edward Hincks Bicentenary Lectures. Dublin . pp. 117–35.
  • Uhlig, Siegbert, et al. (eds.) (2005). "Ethiopian Studies". In: Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Vol. 2: D-Ha. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 433f-38.

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