Eleitorado de Tréveris



Kurfürstentum Trier (em alemão)
Électorat de Trèves (em francês)

Eleitorado de Tréveris

Estado do Sacro Império Romano


898 – 1801
 

 

 

Flag Brasão
Bandeira Brasão
Localização de Tréveris
Localização de Tréveris
Continente Europa
Região Europa Central
País Alemanha
Capital Tréveris
Ehrenbreitstein
Governo Principado Eclesiástico
História
 • 898 Concessão da autonomia
 • 898 Imediatidade imperial
 • Entre 1189 e 1212 Elevado a Eleitorado
 • 1512 Ingressa no Círculo Eleitoral do Reno
 • 9 de fevereiro de 1801 Tratado de Lunéville
 • 1801 Reconstituído como Grão-Ducado do Baixo Reno dentro da Prússia

O Eleitorado de Tréveris (em alemão: Kurfürstentum Trier; em francês: Électorat de Trèves) foi um principado eclesiástico do Sacro Império Romano que existiu entre o final do século IX e o início do século XIX. Consistia nas posses temporais do príncipe-arcebispo de Tréveris (Erzbistum Trier), também príncipe-eleitor do império. Havia apenas dois outros príncipes-eleitores eclesiásticos no império: os do Eleitorado de Colônia e do Eleitorado de Mainz, sendo que Mainz ocupava o primeiro lugar ante os demais.[1]

A capital do eleitorado era Tréveris, mas a residência principal do Eleitor foi transferida para Koblenz a partir do século XVI. O eleitorado foi secularizado em 1803 durante o governo napoleônico.

O Eleitor de Tréveris, na qualidade de arcebispo, também administrava a Arquidiocese de Tréveris, cujo território não correspondia ao eleitorado.

História

Tréveris, como importante capital da província romana de Augusta Treverorum, era uma sede episcopal desde os tempos romanos, sendo elevada ao status arquiepiscopal durante o reinado de Carlos Magno, cuja determinação mencionava as dioceses de Metz,Toul e Verdun como suas sufragâneas.

Os bispos de Tréveris já eram proprietários de territórios virtualmente independentes durante a dinastia merovíngia. Em 772, Carlos Magno concedeu ao bispo Weomad total autonomia da jurisdição do conde governante para todas as igrejas e mosteiros, além das aldeias e castelos pertencentes à Igreja de São Pedro em Tréveris. Em 816, Luís I, o Piedoso confirmou ao arcebispo Hetto os privilégios de proteção e imunidade concedidos por seu pai.

Na divisão do Império Carolíngio, ratificado pelo Tratado de Verdun em 843, Tréveris foi entregue a Lotário I. Com o Tratado de Meersen de 870, a Lotaríngia foi dividida e a região de Tréveris passou a integrar o Reino da Frância Oriental, que se tornaria mais tarde o Reino da Germânia.

Em 898, Zuentiboldo - filho ilegítimo do imperador Arnulfo da Caríntia, que reinou brevemente como rei da Lotaríngia - concedeu ao arcebispo Radbod total isenção de impostos para todo o território episcopal. O rei encontrava-se sob grande pressão de seus nobres independentes e precisava desesperadamente de um aliado poderoso. O ato acabou por fortalecer a posição dos arcebispos como senhores territoriais por direito próprio. Após o assassinato de Zuentiboldo em 900, os ministros do rei Luís, a Criança passaram a cortejar Radbod, concedendo-lhe definitivamente o distrito e a cidade de Tréveris, com permissão para impor tarifas alfandegárias e emitir moeda (tanto um símbolo de autoridade independente quanto recurso econômico). Da corte de Carlos, o Simples, ele obteve o direito irrevogável de eleição do bispo de Tréveris pelo capítulo, livre da interferência imperial.

Referências

  1. Dillinger, p. 9-10.

Bibliografia


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