Dinastia guarâmida

Dinastia guarâmida ou Guramiani (em georgiano: გურამიანი)[a] era um ramo cadete da casa real dos cosroidas da Ibéria (moderna Geórgia Oriental). Eles governaram a Ibéria como príncipes presidentes (eristavi) do Principado da Ibéria entre 588 e 627, 684 e 748 e, finalmente, 779/80 e 786. Três deles receberam o título de curopalata da corte do Império Bizantino.

História

Este ramo da família descende do rei ibérico Leão, filho de Vactangue I com Helena, sua segunda esposa e parente do imperador bizantino (485/6). Leão e o irmão, Mirdates, receberam a porção oriental do Reino da Ibéria, que abrangia os ducados de Colarzena, Odzrkhe e a metade ocidental de Cunda, que logo perderam para a linhagem mais sênior dos cosroidas. Terminaram como príncipes de Colarzena e Javaquécia. Começando com o filho de Leão, Gurgenes I (r. 588–ca 590), membros desta casa foram príncipes presidentes da Ibéria em três períodos distintos: entre 588 e 627, 684 e 748 e, finalmente, 779/80 e 786.

Os guarâmidas eram aparentados, por meio de casamentos dinásticos, com as principais casas principescas da Geórgia – os cosroidas, os nersiânidas e os bagrátidas. Neste último caso, o casamento da filha de Gurgenes III (r. 779/80–786) com o príncipe Bagratúnio em fuga Vasaces deu início à nova dinastia Bagrationi, que tornar-se-ia depois a última e mais antiga família reinante da Geórgia. A extinção da linhagem guarâmida no final do século VIII permitiu que seus primos bagrátidas reunissem as duas heranças quando chegaram ao poder.

O cronista georgiano do século X Sumbat Davitis-Dze, em sua "História dos Bagrátidas", identificou incorretamente (talvez de propósito) identificou os guarâmidas como essencialmente bagrátidas que supostamente teriam vindo da Terra Santa para morar na Geórgia; esta versão permitiu que os Bagrationi alegassem que descender diretamente do rei David.

Monarcas guarâmidas da Ibéria

Notas

  1. O nome dinástico "guarâmidas" é uma designação moderna introduzida pelo professor Cyril Toumanoff com base na referência feita pelo príncipe Vacusti à dinastia como "Guaramiani". Não é aceita universalmente pelos historiadores georgianos, mas é muito comum na literatura em língua inglesa.

Bibliografia

  • Toumanoff, Cyril. Introduction to Christian Caucasian History, II: States and Dynasties of the Formative Period. Traditio 17 (1961).
  • Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts. Lovaina: Peeters Publishers ISBN 90-429-1318-5
  • Rapp, Stephen H., Sumbat Davitis-dze and the Vocabulary of Political Authority in the Era of Georgian Unification. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 120, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec., 2000), pp. 570–576.

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