Décima primeira Batalha do Isonzo

Décima primeira Batalha do Isonzo
Campanha italiana, Primeira Guerra Mundial

Uma peça de artilharia italiana de 75mm usada na batalha do rio Isonzo.
Data 18 de agosto12 de setembro de 1917
Local Monfalcone, no rio Isonzo, Itália; Planalto de Banjšice, Eslovênia
Desfecho Inconclusivo
  • Vitória tática italiana
Beligerantes
 Reino da Itália Áustria-Hungria
Império Alemão
Comandantes
Reino de Itália Luigi Cadorna
Reino de Itália Luigi Capello
Svetozar Boroević
Forças
600 batalhões, 5 200 peças de artilharia 250 batalhões, 2 200 peças de artilharia
Baixas
30 000 mortos
110 000 feridos
20 000 desaparecidos ou feitos prisioneiros
20 000 mortos
50 000 feridos
30 000 desaparecidos
20 000 feitos prisioneiros

A Décima primeira Batalha do rio Isonzo foi um grande combate travado entre o Reino de Itália e o Império Austro-Húngaro, apoiados pelos alemães, no contexto do fronte italiano na Primeira Guerra Mundial, entre 18 de agosto e 12 de setembro de 1917.[1]

Prelúdio

Ao longo do rio Isonzo (Soča), o marechal Luigi Cadorna, comandante-em-chefe do exército italiano, começou a concentrar uma enorme quantidade de tropas para tentar sobrepujar as linhas austro-húngaras. Ele tinha pelo menos 600 batalhões (ou 52 divisões) com 5 200 canhões disponíveis.

A batalha

A ofensiva italiana foi lançada a partir da cidade de Tolmin (no vale superior do Isonzo) até o Mar Adriático. Os italianos atravessaram o rio em vários pontos em pontes temporárias, mas seu principal esforço aconteceu no Planalto de Banjšice, cujo objetivo era dividir as linhas austro-húngaras em duas, isolando as fortalezas deles nos montes Škabrijel e Hermada.[2]

Após violentos e sangrentos combates, o 2º Corpo do exército italiano, liderado pelo General Capello, empurrou para trás as forças do Isonzo Armee do general Svetozar Boroević, conquistando Bainsizza e o Monte Santo. Outras posições também foram tomadas dos austriacos pelas tropas do Duque de Aosta.[2]

Nesse meio tempo, as defesas austro-húngaras nos Montes Škabrijel e Hermada se mostraram intransponíveis e os italianos acabaram desistindo.[2]

Perto do fim da batalha, os austro-húngaros estavam exaustos e já não tinham mais condições de resistir por muito mais tempo. Porém, os italianos também estavam em situação precária e não tinham mais tantos suprimentos disponíveis para lançar novas ofensivas imediatamente, embora se o fizessem agora provavelmente poderiam ter finalmente quebrado as linhas do inimigo em definitivo. Assim, a décima primeira batalha do rio Isonzo terminou, novamente, em um banho de sangue inconclusivo. Além disso, o fim da batalha viu o 2º Exército Italiano dividido ao meio em duas áreas ao longo do Isonzo, em uma posição fraca, que seria explorado pelas forças das Potências Centrais na batalha seguinte.[2]

Referências

  1. Macdonald, John, and Željko Cimprič. Caporetto and the Isonzo Campaign: The Italian Front, 1915-1918. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military, 2011. ISBN 9781848846715.
  2. a b c d Schindler, John R. (2001). Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War. [S.l.]: Praeger. ISBN 0275972046. OCLC 44681903 

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