Cinética de Michaelis-Menten

Em bioquímica, a cinética de Michaelis-Menten é um dos modelos mais conhecidos da cinética enzimática.[1] O modelo leva esse nome em homenagem a Leonor Michaelis e Maud Menten.[2] Ele tem a forma de uma equação que descreve a taxa de reações enzimáticas, relacionando taxa de reação a , a concentração de um substrato .[3] A sua fórmula é dada pela equação de Michaelis-Menten[4]:

Aplicações

Os valores dos parâmetros variam amplamente entre as enzimas:[5]

Enzima (M) (s−1) (M−1s−1)
Quimotripsina 1.5 × 10−2 0.14 9.3
Pepsina 3.0 × 10−4 0.50 1.7 × 103
T-RNA synthetase 9.0 × 10−4 7.6 8.4 × 103
Ribonuclease 7.9 × 10−3 7.9 × 102 1.0 × 105
Anidrase carbónica 2.6 × 10−2 4.0 × 105 1.5 × 107
Fumarase 5.0 × 10−6 8.0 × 102 1.6 × 108

A constante (eficiência catalítica) é uma medida da eficiência com que uma enzima converte um substrato em produto. As enzimas com difusão limitada, como a fumarase, funcionam no limite superior teórico de 108 – 1010 M−1s−1, limitadas pela difusão do substrato no centro ativo.[6]

A cinética de Michaelis–Menten também foi aplicada a uma variedade de esferas fora das reações bioquímicas,[7] incluindo depuração alveolar de poeiras,[8] o agrumento de riqueza de espécies,[9] depuração do álcool no sangue,[10] a relação fotossíntese-irradiância e infecção bacteriana por fagos.[11]

A equação também pode ser usada para descrever a relação entre a condutividade do canal iônico e a concentração do ligante.[12]

Referências

  1. «Michaelis-Menten Kinetics and Briggs-Haldane Kinetics». depts.washington.edu. Consultado em 2 de maio de 2016 
  2. «Michaelis-Menten Kinetics - Chemwiki». chemwiki.ucdavis.edu (em inglês). Consultado em 2 de maio de 2016 
  3. Raymond Chang. «Physical Chemistry for the Biosciences». www.uscibooks.com. Consultado em 2 de maio de 2016 
  4. «Substrate Concentration (Introduction to Enzymes)». www.worthington-biochem.com. Consultado em 2 de maio de 2016 
  5. Mathews, C.K.; van Holde, K.E.; Ahern, K.G. (10 de dezembro de 1999). Biochemistry 3 ed. [S.l.]: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-8053-3066-3 
  6. Stroppolo, M.E.; Falconi, M.; Caccuri, A.M.; Desideri, A. (setembro de 2001). «Superefficient enzymes». Cell Mol Life Sci. 58 (10): 1451–60. PMID 11693526. doi:10.1007/PL00000788 
  7. Chen, W.W.; Neipel, M.; Sorger, P.K. (2010). «Classic and contemporary approaches to modeling biochemical reactions». Genes Dev. 24 (17): 1861–1875. PMC 2932968Acessível livremente. PMID 20810646. doi:10.1101/gad.1945410 
  8. Yu, R.C.; Rappaport, S.M. (1997). «A lung retention model based on Michaelis–Menten-like kinetics». Environ Health Perspect. 105 (5): 496–503. PMC 1469867Acessível livremente. PMID 9222134. doi:10.1289/ehp.97105496 
  9. Keating, K.A.; Quinn, J.F. (1998). «Estimating species richness: the Michaelis–Menten model revisited». Oikos. 81 (2): 411–416. JSTOR 3547060. doi:10.2307/3547060 
  10. Jones, A.W. (2010). «Evidence-based survey of the elimination rates of ethanol from blood with applications in forensic casework». Forensic Sci Int. 200 (1–3): 1–20. PMID 20304569. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.021 
  11. Abedon, S.T. (2009). «Kinetics of phage-mediated biocontrol of bacteria». Foodborne Pathog Dis. 6 (7): 807–15. PMID 19459758. doi:10.1089/fpd.2008.0242 
  12. Ding, Shinghua; Sachs, Frederick (1999). «Single Channel Properties of P2X2 Purinoceptors». The Journal of General Physiology. 113 (5): 695–720. PMC 2222910Acessível livremente. PMID 10228183. doi:10.1085/jgp.113.5.695 
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