Benito Pérez Galdós

Benito Pérez Galdós

Galdós, em retrato a óleo
Nome completo Benito María de los Dolores Pérez Galdós
Nascimento 10 de maio de 1843
Las Palmas
Morte 4 de janeiro de 1920 (76 anos)
Madrid
Nacionalidade espanhol
Ocupação Escritor
Movimento literário Geração de 98
Magnum opus La batalla de los Arapiles

Benito Pérez Galdós (Las Palmas, nas Ilhas Canárias, 10 de maio de 1843Madrid, 4 de janeiro de 1920) foi um romancista espanhol.

Biografia

Benito Pérez Galdós nasceu a 10 de Maio de 1843 em Las Palmas da Grande Canária, filho do militar D. Sebastián Pérez e de Dolores Galdós (filha de um antigo secretário da Inquisição). Frequentou o Colégio San Agustín que desenvolvia métodos activos e uma séria atenção às letras, especialmente ao latim. Formou-se em Direito, mas sua vida foi totalmente dedicada à literatura. Em sua obra esta refletido todo o século XIX na vida espanhola, em seus aspectos civis e políticos. Sua produção literária, mais de uma centena de volumes, abrange a Espanha desde as classes mais humildes até a burguesia e a nobreza. Foi um escritor realista.

A misoginia presente no mito de Pigmalião serve de plano de fundo para algumas das suas principais obras, como La familia de León Roch, El amigo Manso, Fortunata y Jacinta e os quatro livros que trazem por tema Torquemada.[1]

Trabalhos

Romances Antigos

  • La Sombra (1870)
  • La Fontana de Oro (1870)
  • El Audaz (1871)
  • Doña Perfecta (1876)
  • Gloria (1877)
  • La Familia de León Roch (1878)
  • Marianela (1878)

Novelas Espanholas Contemporâneas

  • La Desheredada (1881)
  • El Doctor Centeno (1883)
  • Tormento (1884)[2]
  • La de Bringas (1884)
  • El Amigo Manso (1882)
  • Lo Prohibido (1884–85)
  • Fortunata y Jacinta (1886–87)
  • Celín, Tropiquillos y Theros (1887)
  • Miau (1888)
  • La Incógnita (1889)
  • Torquemada en la Hoguera (1889)
  • Realidad (1889)
  • Ángel Guerra (1890–91)

Novelas posteriores

  • Tristana (1892)
  • La Loca de la Casa (1892)
  • Torquemada en la Cruz (1893)
  • Torquemada en el Purgatorio (1894)
  • Torquemada y San Pedro (1895)
  • Nazarín (1895)
  • Halma (1895)[3]
  • Misericordia (1897)
  • El Abuelo (1897)
  • La Estafeta Romántica (1899)
  • Casandra (1905)
  • El Caballero Encantado (1909)
  • La Razón de la Sinrazón (1909)

Teatro

  • Quien Mal Hace, Bien no Espere (1861, lost)
  • La Expulsión de los Moriscos (1865, lost)
  • Un Joven de Provecho (1867?, published in 1936)
  • Realidad (1892)
  • La Loca de la Casa (1893)[4]
  • Gerona (1893)
  • La de San Quintín (1894)
  • Los Condenados (1894)
  • Voluntad (1895)
  • La Fiera (1896)
  • Doña Perfecta (1896)
  • Electra (1901)[5]
  • Alma y Vida (1902)
  • Mariucha (1903)
  • El Abuelo (1904)
  • Amor y Ciencia (1905)
  • Barbara (1905)
  • Zaragoza (1908)
  • Pedro Minio (1908)
  • Casandra (1910)
  • Celia en los Infiernos (1913)
  • Alceste (1914)
  • Sor Simona (1915)
  • El Tacaño Salomón (1916)
  • Santa Juana de Castilla (1918)
  • Antón Caballero (1921, unfinished)

Diversos

  • Crónicas de Portugal (1890)
  • Discurso de Ingreso en la Real Academia Española (1897)
  • Memoranda, Artículos y Cuentos (1906)
  • La Novela en el Tranvía
  • Política Española I (1923)
  • Política Española II (1923)
  • Arte y Crítica (1923)
  • Fisonomías Sociales (1923)
  • Nuestro Teatro (1923)
  • Cronicón 1883 a 1886 (1924)
  • Toledo. Su historia y su Leyenda (1927)
  • Viajes y Fantasías (1929)
  • Memorias (1930)

Leitura adicional

  • Alfieri, J.J. (1968). "Galdós Revaluated (sic)" Books Abroad, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 225–226.
  • Bishop, William Henry (1917). "Benito Pérez Galdós." In: The Warner Library. New York: Knickerbocker Press, pp. 6153–6163.
  • Chamberlin, Vernon A. (1964). "Galdós' Use of Yellow in Character Delineation," PMLA, Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 158–163.
  • Ellis, Havelock (1906). "The Spirit of Present Day Spain," The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 98, pp. 757–765.
  • Geddes Jr., James (1910). "Introduction." In: Marianela. Boston: D.C. Heath & Co., pp. iii–xvi.
  • Glascock, C.C. (1923). "Spánish Novelist: Benito Perez Galdos," Texas Review, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 158–177.
  • Gómez Martínez, José Luis (1983). "Galdós y el Krausismo español" Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 55–79.
  • Huntington, Archer M. (1897). "Perez Galdós in the Spanish Academy," The Bookman, Vol. V, pp. 220–222.
  • Karimi, Kian-Harald (2007): Jenseits von altem Gott und ‘Neuem Menschen’. Präsenz und Entzug des Göttlichen im Diskurs der spanischen Restaurationsepoche. Frankf./M.: Vervuert. ISBN 3-86527-313-0
  • Keniston, Hayward (1920). "Galdós, Interpreter of Life," Hispania, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 203–206.
  • Madariaga, Salvador de (1920). "The Genius of Spain," Contemporary Review, Vol. 117, pp. 508–516.
  • Miller, W. (1901). "The Novels of Pérez Galdós," The Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 291, pp. 217–228.
  • Pattison, Walter T. (1954). Benito Pérez Galdós and the Creative Process. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Ridao Carlini, Inma (2018): Rich and Poor in Nineteenth-Century Spain: A Critique of Liberal Society in the Later Novels of Benito Pérez Galdós. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-85566-330-5
  • Waldeck, R.W. (1904). "Benito Pérez Galdós, Novelist, Dramatist and Reformer" The Critic, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 447–449.
  • Warshaw, J. (1929). "Galdós's Apprenticeship in the Drama," Modern Language Notes, Vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 459–463.
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Referências

  1. Alan E. Smith (1990). «Galdós y la imaginación mitologica: la historia de Pigmalion». IV Congreso Internacional de Estudios Galdosianos, vol. 1. Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Casa Museo Pérez Galdós, Congresos Internacionales de Estudios Galdosianos. Consultado em 13 de fevereiro de 2017 
  2. Wood, Gareth J. (2014). "Galdós, Shakespeare, and What to Make of Tormento," The Modern Language Review, Vol. 109, No. 2, pp. 392–416.
  3. Brown, Daniel (2011). "Mystical Winds, Traditions, and Contradictions in Galdós's 'Halma'," Pacific Coast Philology, Vol. 46, pp. 46–64.
  4. Copeland, Eva Maria (2012). "Empire, Nation, and the indiano in Galdós's 'Tormento' and 'La Loca de la Casa'," Hispanic Review, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 221–242.
  5. Ellis, Havelock (1901). "'Electra' and the Progressive Movement in Spain," The Critic, Vol. 39, pp. 213–217.

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