Bancos das Bahamas

Os Bancos das Bahamas: a norte o Pequeno Banco das Bahamas, e a sul o Grande Banco das Bahamas. Também se pode ver o Banco Cay Sal. Imagem MODIS, NASA.

Os bancos das Bahamas (em inglês: Bahama Banks) são plataformas carbonatadas submersas que formam o arquipélago das Bahamas. Em geral o termo é utilizado para referir ao Grande Banco das Bahamas nas proximidades da ilha Andros, ou o Pequeno Banco das Bahamas da ilha Grande Bahama e Grande Ábaco, que são as maiores plataformas, e o Cay Sal Bank a norte de Cuba. As ilhas destes bancos pertencem ao território das Bahamas. Outros bancos são os que formam as ilhas Turcas e Caicos, que são o banco Caicos das ilhas Caicos, o banco das Ilhas Turcas, e o Mouchoir Bank, totalmente submerso. Para sudeste há ainda o Silver Bank e o Navidad Bank a norte da República Dominicana.

O calcário que compõe os bancos tem vindo a acumular desde pelo menos o período Cretáceo, e talvez já no Jurássico; hoje a espessura total sob o Great Bahama Bank é de mais de 4,5 km.[1] Como o calcário foi depositado em águas rasas, a única maneira de explicar essa coluna maciça é estimar que toda a plataforma tenha diminuído sob o seu próprio peso a uma taxa de aproximadamente 3,6 cm por cada 1000 anos.[1]

As águas dos bancos das Bahamas são muito rasas. No Great Bahama Bank, geralmente não têm profundidade superior a 25 metros.[2] As vertentes em redor, no entanto, como a borda da Língua do Oceano no Great Bahama Bank, são muito íngremes. Os bancos eram terra seca durante as eras glaciais passadas, quando o nível do mar era 120 metros mais baixo do que no presente; a área das Bahamas hoje representa apenas uma pequena fração da sua extensão pré-histórica.[1][2] Quando foram expostos à atmosfera, a estrutura de calcário foi submetida a meteorização, que criou as cavernas e buracos comuns ao terreno cárstico, resultando em estruturas como buracos azuis.[1]

Ver também

Referências

  1. a b c d http://geoinfo.amu.edu.pl/wpk/geos/GEO_6/GEO_PLATE_C-16.HTML "Geomorphology from Space, Chapter 6: Coastal Landforms. Plate C-16, 'Great Bahama Bank'" (acesso em 9-3-2006))
  2. a b Stephen K. Boss, "Geological Research on the Great Bahama Bank" (acesso em 9-3-2006)

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