Baiana do acarajé

Ofício das Baianas de Acarajé

Baiana do acarajé Farol da Barra, 1976, Salvador.
Órgão: IPHAN

As baianas do acarajé (ou simplesmente baianas) são as mulheres que se dedicam ao ofício tradicional de vender acarajé e outras iguarias das culinárias africana e afro-baiana.[1] Mulheres em sua maioria negras e com forte identidade nas religiões de matriz africana, conseguiram a regularização da profissão junto aos poderes públicos. Uma das principais figuras típicas do Brasil, chega a ter uma caracterização recorrente nos desfiles das escolas de samba do país. Em 2012, as baianas foram reconhecidas como Patrimônio Imaterial da Bahia e tiveram seu ofício incluso no livro de Registro Especial dos Saberes e Modos de Fazer, do IPAC.[1][2]

É uma profissão regulamentada pelo decreto municipal de Salvador 12.175/1998 e portarias subsequentes, que indicam, inclusive, a padronização de indumentária e tabuleiro, zelando principalmente pela higiene na preparação e manuseio do alimento.[carece de fontes?]

Baiana na arte

"O que é que a baiana tem?"

Esta pergunta é feita na letra de uma famosa música do compositor baiano Dorival Caymmi, com a resposta:

"Tem torso de seda, tem! / Tem brincos de ouro tem! / Corrente de ouro tem! / Tem pano-da-costa, tem! / Sandália enfeitada, tem!"

Cantada por grandes intérpretes, desde Carmen Miranda, Maria Bethânia, Clara Nunes e outros, além do próprio Dorival, foi, durante a primeira metade do século XX, um grande divulgador dessa personagem típica de Salvador e da Bahia.[carece de fontes?]

Ari Barroso, outro grande compositor brasileiro, num dos seus maiores sucessos, também faz referência à quituteira da Bahia, no samba de 1936, onde "No tabuleiro da baiana tem: Vatapá, oi, caruru, mungunzá, tem umbu"… mas sobretudo "desvenda" aquilo que tem a baiana em seu coração: "Sedução, canjerê, ilusão, candomblé"…(em "No tabuleiro da baiana").[carece de fontes?]

Além de Carmen, Aurora Miranda foi outra que levou a figura "cheia de balangandãs" da baiana para as telas do cinema: é a baiana "Iaiá", no misto de animação e filme The Three Caballeros, de Walt Disney (Você já foi à Bahia?, no Brasil).[carece de fontes?]

Atraído pelos encantos e magia baianos, o artista plástico argentino Carybé retratou como poucos a figura da baiana, assim como muitos outros, a exemplo de Santi Scaldaferri e Pierre Verger.[carece de fontes?]

Referências

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