Alfanumérico

Alfanumérico é um conjunto de caracteres alfabéticos e numéricos, e é utilizado para descrever a coleção de letras latinas e algarismos arábicos, ou um texto construído a partir desta coleção.

Na localidade POSIX/C,[1] há 36 (A-Z0-9, não sensível a capitalização) ou 62 (A-Za-z0-9, sensível à capitalização) caracteres alfanuméricos.

Em outras localidades,[2] o termo "alfanumérico" se aplica a um conjunto de caracteres mais amplo.

Subconjuntos de alfanuméricos utilizados em interfaces humanas

Quando uma sequência de letras e números misturados é apresentada para a interpretação humana, surgem ambiguidades. A mais óbvia é a semelhança das letras I, O e Q com os números 1 e 0. Portanto, dependendo da aplicação, foram adotados vários subconjuntos de alfanuméricos para evitar uma má interpretação por seres humanos.

Na aviação civil, mapas de assento e os assentos da aeronave foram designados pelo número da linha seguido pela letra da coluna. Para jatos de corpo com grande largura, os assentos podem ser 10, marcados com ABC-DEFG-HJK. A letra I é ignorada para evitar confundi-la com número da linha 1.

No Número de Identificação do Veículo utilizado pelos fabricantes de veículos a motor, as letras I, O e Q, são omitidos devido a sua similaridade com 1 ou 0.

Letras em alto relevo minúsculas são usadas para rotular os pinos em um conector elétrico V.35/M34. As letras I, O, Q, S e Z foram retiradas para reduzir o cansaço visual com 1, 0, 5 e 2. Esse subconjunto é chamado de alfabeto DEC, após a empresa o ter utilizado pela primeira vez.

Para alfanuméricos que são frequentemente escritos à mão, além de I e O, V também é evitado devido a ele se assemelhar à letra U em cursiva, e Z por sua semelhança com 2.

Ver também

Referências

  1. «man ASCII(7), "American Standard Code for Information Interchange"». Consultado em 24 de julho de 2013. Arquivado do original em 11 de maio de 2013 
  2. The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Locale: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html

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