Albânia e as armas de destruição em massa

Albânia já possuía um arsenal de armas de destruição em massa. Este arsenal de armas químicas incluía 16.678 kg (36.769 lb) de agente mostarda, lewisite, adamsite e cloroacetofenona.

Albânia foi um dos primeiros países que assinaram a Convenção sobre Armas Químicas (CWC), em 1993.[1] O tratado, que entrou em vigor em 1997, requer a declaração de arsenais químicos, e na destruição de todas as armas químicas, sistemas de distribuição e instalações de produção. Uma das seis nações a declarar um estoque, a Albânia fez sua declaração em março de 2003,[2] depois da descoberta, em dezembro de 2002, de 600 containers de produtos químicos em um bunker abandonado. O material foi provavelmente adquirido pelo líder comunista Enver Hoxha, em meados da década de 1970 a partir da China, embora nenhuma documentação foi encontrada.[3]

Armas químicas da Albânia.

Em 11 de julho de 2007, a Organização para a Proibição de Armas Químicas (OPAQ), confirmou a destruição de todo o arsenal de armas químicas na Albânia,[4] fazendo a Albânia a primeira nação a destruir completamente todas as suas armas químicas, nos termos da CWC. Os custos foram de cerca de 48 milhões dólares americanos. Os Estados Unidos ajudaram com o financiamento as operações de destruição sob a Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction.[5]

Armas biológicas e nucleares

Albânia aderiu à Convenção sobre as Armas Biológicas em 3 de junho de 1992 para a proibição de armas biológicas. Também aderiu ao Tratado de Não Proliferação de Armas Nucleares, em setembro de 1990.[6] Albânia se juntou ao Protocolo de Genebra em 20 de dezembro de 1989, para a proibição de armas químicas e biológicas e depositou a sua adesão ao Tratado para a Proibição Completa dos Testes Nucleares em 23 de abril de 2003.

Notas e referências

  1. Membership of the OPCW, http://www.opcw.org/en/membership_menu.html Arquivado em 16 de setembro de 2008, no Wayback Machine.
  2. Kerry Boyd, "Albania Has Chemical Arms; CWC Review Conference Meets" Arquivado em 26 de setembro de 2007, no Wayback Machine., Arms Control Association, junho de 2003, acessado em 28 de outubro de 2013.
  3. "Albania's Chemical Cache Raises Fears About Others", http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A61698-2005Jan9.html, Joby Warrick, Washington Post, 10 de janeiro de 2005, acessado em 28 de outubro de 2013.
  4. U.S. Department of State, Albania – First Country to Destroy All Of Its Chemical Weapons, 13 de julho de 2007, acessado em 28 de outubro de 2013.
  5. Nunn-Lugar Destroys Chemical Weapons Stockpile in Albania, http://lugar.senate.gov/record.cfm?id=279351& Arquivado em 25 de julho de 2007, no Wayback Machine., Press Release of Senator Lugar, 19 de julho de 2007, acessado em 28 de outubro de 2013.
  6. Status of Multilateral Arms Regulation and Disarmament Agreements, http://disarmament.un.org/TreatyStatus.nsf/NPT%20(in%20alphabetical%20order)?OpenView, UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), acessado em 28 de outubro de 2013.

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