Adonis (poeta)

Adonis

Adonis
Nome completo Ali Ahmad Said Asbar
Nascimento 1 de janeiro de 1930 (95 anos)
Al Qassabin, Lataquia, Síria
Nacionalidade sírio
Ocupação Poeta
Religião paganismo[1]

Adonis (em árabe: أدونيس, pseudônimo de Ali Ahamed Said Esber — Al Qassabin, Lataquia, Síria, 1 de janeiro de 1930) é um poeta e ensaísta sírio, com uma longa carreira literária no Líbano e em França, autor de mais de vinte livros em língua árabe.

Biografia

Poeta, pensador, ensaísta, considerado o máximo expoente da poesia árabe contemporânea, Ali Ahmad Said Esber, nascido no norte da Síria numa família de origem alauita em 1930, trabalhou no campo durante a infância. Seu pai lhe recitava poemas que o fazia memorizar depois. Aos 12 anos teve a oportunidade de recitar um poema para o presidente sírio Shukri al-Kuwatli. Foi lhe concedido um desejo e ele pediu para estudar. E assim se fez. Continuou estudando e escrevendo. Cursou Filosofia na Universidade de Damasco onde se licenciou em 1954.

Quando teve a publicação de seus poemas rejeitada, mudou de nome. Escolheu um nome pagão - Adonis.

Em 1955, devido a suas atividades políticas como membro do Partido Socialista Sírio, foi acusado de subversão e preso por seis meses. Ainda em 1955, seguiu para Beirute, onde se dedicou à publicação de periódicos e fundou em colaboração com o crítico literário libanês Yusuf Al-Jal, a revista de poesia Schiir (Poesia). Em 1956, deixou a Síria e foi viver no Líbano. Recebeu uma bolsa de estudos para estudar em Paris entre 1960 e 1961. Em 1962 adquiriu a cidadania libanesa.

Em 1973 concluiu o doutorado pela Universidade de St. Joseph. Recebeu em 1977, no Festival de Struga Poetry Enings de Macedônia a "Corona de Oro", por sua trajetória literária.

Em 1980, emigrou para Paris para escapar da Guerra Civil Libanesa e durante anos foi professor de língua árabe na Sorbonne. Domina o idioma francês, conhece o inglês, mas garante que só fala o árabe: "É em árabe que penso falo e escrevo", costuma afirmar o poeta.

Conhecido por combater o sionismo e as ditaduras árabes, defende uma poesia livre das amarras das instituições políticas e das obrigações religiosas.

Crítica

Adonis renovou a poesia árabe contemporânea, tem muitos seguidores e é uma figura sempre lembrada para a grande distinção internacional, o Prêmio Nobel da Literatura[2]. Considerado um rebelde que segue suas próprias regras, tem muitos admiradores, contudo, é grande o número de inimigos, sobretudo entre os islamitas.

Sua obra, caracterizada essencialmente por seu conteúdo social e político foi publicada em diversos idiomas e revolucionou a linguagem. Sua literatura tem elementos da poesia pré-islamica e do experimentalismo moderno.

Adonis tem traduzido diversos autores franceses para o árabe, dentre eles, Racine e Saint John-Perse. Adonis mora atualmente em Paris.

Em 2011 venceu o prestigiado Prémio Goethe[3]

Obra

Publicou os livros de ensaios: "Poética Árabe" (1985) e "A Palavra das Origens" (1989), e os de poesia "Cantos de Mihyâr, o Damasceno" (1961), "Homenagem às Escuras Coisas Claras" (1988) e "Índice das Ações do Vento" (1998), entre outros.

Livros traduzidos para o espanhol

  • "Canciones de Mihyar el de Damasco", 1961;
  • "El diván de la poesía árabe", 1964;
  • "Celebraciones", 1965;
  • "Libro de las huidas y mudanzas", 1965;
  • "Epitafio para Nueva York", 1971;
  • "El tiempo de la poesía", 1972;
  • "Introducción a la poesía árabe", 1976;
  • "Homenajes", 1988;
  • "La palabra de los orígenes", 1989;
  • "La poética árabe", 1989;
  • "El tiempo, las ciudades", 1990;
  • "Introducción a la poesía árabe", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 1975;
  • "Poesía y poética árabes", Guadarrama, Ediciones del Oriente y del Mediterráneo, 1997;

Ligações externas

Commons
Commons
O Commons possui imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Adonis (poeta)

Referências

  1. The “Other” Middle East; An Anthology of Levantine Literature, in Search of Identity (PDF). [S.l.: s.n.] p. 26. One can believe in the invisible without necessarily being a mystic. […] I for one, am a pagan mystic. Mysticism, to my sense, is founded on the following elements: firstly, that reality is comprehensive, boundless, unrestricted; it is both what is revealed and visible to us, and what is invisible and concealed. Secondly, that which is visible and revealed to us is not necessarily an actual expression of truth; it is perhaps an expression of a superficial, transitory, ephemeral aspect of truth. To be able to truthfully express reality, one must also seek to see that which is concealed. Thirdly, truth is not ready-made, prefabricated. 
  2. «Nobel Prize in Literature 2011 Speculation». Consultado em 5 de outubro de 2011 
  3. Khaled Yacoub Oweis (25 de maio de 2011). «Syrian poet Adonis wins Germany's Goethe prize». Reuters. Consultado em 3 de agosto de 2011 

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