Abdelmalek Droukdel

Abdelmalek Droukdel
Nascimento 20 de abril de 1970
Morte 3 de junho de 2020 (50 anos)
Mali

Abdelmalek Droukdel (em árabe: عبد المالك درودكال; Meftah, 20 de abril de 1970 - Mali, 3 de junho de 2020), também conhecido por seu nome de guerra como Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud (أبو مصعب عبد الودود ), foi o emir, ou líder, do grupo militante islâmico argelino Al-Qaeda no Magrebe Islâmico (AQIM), anteriormente o Grupo Salafista de Pregação e Combate (GSPC).

Infância e educação

Droukdel nasceu em Meftah, Argélia, em 20 de abril de 1970. [1] Ele ganhou um diploma de bacharel em matemática pela Universidade de Blida antes de ingressar na insurgência em 1996. [2][3]

Guerra do Afeganistão, Guerra Civil da Argélia e GSPC

Droukdel retornou à Argélia após lutar na guerra civil afegã e ingressou no GSPC. [4] Droukdel foi um líder regional do GSPC por vários anos antes de se tornar o comandante do grupo em 2004, após a morte do então líder Nabil Sahraoui.[5][6] Seu mentor era Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi.[7] Após o assassinato de Zarqawi em 2006, Droukdel publicou uma declaração em um site e declarou: "Ó infiéis e apóstatas, sua alegria será breve e você chorará por um longo tempo ... todos nós somos Zarqawi".[8] Acredita-se que Droukdel tenha sido responsável pela introdução de atentados suicidas na Argélia.[9]

Emir da AQIM

Sob a liderança de Droukdel, o GSPC procurou evoluir de uma entidade amplamente doméstica para um ator maior no cenário internacional do terror. Como o novo líder do GSPC, Droukdel reorganizou o grupo e continuou alvejando civis. Ele foi, no entanto, incapaz de reprimir os rumores entre facções. Em setembro de 2006, foi anunciado que o GSPC havia se unido à Al-Qaeda e, em janeiro de 2007, o grupo mudou oficialmente seu nome para "Organização da Al-Qaeda no Magrebe Islâmico". Droukdel desempenhou um papel significativo nessa fusão. [4] No entanto, os líderes locais da organização, como Droukdel, começaram a realizar atividades muito mais independentes e se distanciaram da Al-Qaeda no último trimestre de 2012.[10]

Droukdel expulsou Mokhtar Belmokhtar da organização no final de 2012 pelo "comportamento violento" de Belmokhtar.[11] Jornalistas descobriram um documento atribuído a Droukdel e datado de 20 de julho de 2012 em Timbuktu, que criticou os militantes por implementar a lei islâmica muito rapidamente no Mali.[12] Ele acreditava que a destruição de santuários levaria os governos ocidentais a intervir no Mali.[13]

Designação

Em dezembro de 2007, o Departamento do Tesouro dos Estados Unidos impôs sanções financeiras e congelou os ativos de Abdelmalek Droukdel sob a Ordem Executiva 13224.[14][15]

Morte

Em 5 de junho de 2020, o governo francês divulgou que o Droukdel foi morto durante uma operação das forças armadas no norte do Mali dois dias antes.[16]

Referências

  1. Interview with Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud, Commander of the Algerian Salafist Group for Prayer and Combat (GSPC) Arquivado em 2005-12-21 no Wayback Machine Global Terror Alert, 26 September 2005.
  2. «Ragtag Insurgency Gains a Lifeline From Al Qaeda». The New York Times 
  3. Abdel Bari Atwan (2008). The Secret History of Al Qaeda. University of California Press. [S.l.: s.n.] 232 páginas. ISBN 978-0-520-25561-6 
  4. a b Jacinto, Leela. «Key figures in al Qaeda's North African branch» (PDF). CIMIC 
  5. New chief for Algeria's Islamists BBC, 7 September 2004
  6. Andrew Hansen; Lauren Vriens. «Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb» (PDF). CIMIC 
  7. «Ruthless chief, head of Al-Qaeda's NAfrica branch». Middle East Online. Cópia arquivada em 11 de dezembro de 2013 
  8. «Zarqawi death 'relief' for rival rebels: experts». Lebanon Wire. AFP. Cópia arquivada em 20 de março de 2013 
  9. «Algeria al-Qaeda chief Droukdel sentenced in absentia». BBC News 
  10. «Waiting for a deluge». Business Standard 
  11. «'Mr Marlboro' lands a seismic blow». The Independent 
  12. MALI-AL-QAIDA'S SAHARA PLAYBOOK - Associated Press
  13. Doyle, Mark. «Mali Islamists warned about Sharia in al-Qaeda 'manifesto'». BBC News 
  14. U.S. freezes assets of Algerian over al Qaeda ties Reuters, 4 December 2007
  15. «Terrorism» (PDF) (Nota de imprensa) 
  16. «French forces kill al-Qaida's north Africa chief in Mali». The Guardian (em inglês). 5 de junho de 2020. Consultado em 6 de maio de 2020 

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