Abdalazize ibne Xuaibe

 Nota: Para outros significados, veja Abdalazize.

Abdalazize ibne Xuaibe ibne Omar Alcurtubi (ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Shuʿayb ibn ʿUmar al-Qurṭubī - lit. "Abdalazize, filho de Xuaibe, filho de Omar Alcurtubi"), também conhecido como Curupas (em grego: Κουρουπᾶς) nas fontes bizantinas, foi o último emir de Creta, governando de 949 até a reconquista bizantina da ilha em 961.

Vida

Os registros sobreviventes da história interna e governantes do Emirado de Creta estão muito fragmentados. Após os estudos de George C. Miles com auxílio de evidência numismática, ele é tentativamente identificado como filho do oitavo emir, Xuaibe II, que governou ca. 940–943, ele próprio o tataraneto do conquistador de Creta e fundador do emirado, Abu Hafes Omar. O começo de seu reinado é colocado em 949, em sucessão de seu tio Ali.[1][2] Pelos cronistas bizantino é principalmente chamado "Curupas", aparentemente de seu sobrenome árabe Alcurtubi", "de Córdova", de onde sua família foi originária.[3]

O historiador egípcio do século XIV Anuairi relata que o imperador bizantino Romano II despachou três embaixadas para a ilha procurando concluir um tratado de paz em troca do pagamento duma soma anual para Abdalazize, com o objetivo de ocultar os preparativos em curso para a campanha de reconquista da ilha. Esse relato é majoritariamente considerado pelos estudioso modernos como lendário.[3] Como chefe de uma grande frota e exército, Nicéforo Focas velejou em junho ou julho de 960, aportou na ilha e derrotou a resistência muçulmana inicial. Um longe cerco à capital do emirado em Chandax se seguiu e arrastou-se durante o inverno em 961.[4] Neste tempo, Abdalazize é descrito por Teodósio, o Diácono como pequeno, pálido, careca e muito doente, mas um locutor eloquente e lisonjeiro. Em vão, o emir enviou um pedido de ajuda para os fatímidas da Ifríquia e o Emirado de Córdova na Península Ibérica; os governantes muçulmanos enviou emissário para ele, mas, impressionado pelo poder bizantino, se abstiveram de intervir.[3]

Após a captura de Chandax, Abdalazize foi levado cativo com sua família para Constantinopla, onde foram exibidos na procissão triunfal de Nicéforo Focas. Eles receberam de Romano II ricos presentes e uma propriedade para se assentarem, e as fontes bizantinas relatam que o imperador considerou fazer Abdalazize um senador, mas o último recusou-se a converter ao cristianismo.[3] Um de seus filhos, contudo, Anumane, ou Anemas em grego, converteu-se e entrou em serviço bizantino até ser morto no Cerco de Dorostolo em 971.[5] Alguns pesquisadores modernos consideram a possibilidade de a aristocrática família Anemas descendeu dele.[6]

Referências

  1. Miles 1964, p. 11–14.
  2. Canard 1986, p. 1085.
  3. a b c d Lilie 2013, ʻAbdalʻazīz b. Šuʻayb b. ʻUmar al-Qurṭubī (#20009).
  4. Canard 1986, p. 1084.
  5. Lilie 2013, ʻAbdalʻazīz b. Šuʻayb b. ʻUmar al-Qurṭubī (#20009); Anemas (#20421).
  6. Kazhdan 1991, p. 96.

Bibliografia

  • Canard, M. (1986). «Iḳrīṭis̲h̲». The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume III: H–Iram. Leida e Nova Iorque: BRILL. pp. 1082–1086. ISBN 90-04-08118-6 
  • Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Nova Iorque e Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8 
  • Lilie, Ralph-Johannes; Ludwig, Claudia; Zielke, Beate et al. (2013). Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlim-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften: Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt 
  • Miles, Georges C (1964). «Byzantium and the Arabs: Relations in Crete and the Aegean Area». Washington, D.C. Dumbarton Oaks Papers (em inglês). 18: 1-32. ISSN 0070-7546. OCLC 58423962. doi:10.2307/1291204 

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