Trychom

Trychom – forma życiowa sinic w postaci nitkowatej kolonii komórek ściśle do siebie przylegających, przy czym poprzeczne ściany komórkowe są wspólne dla sąsiadujących komórek, w związku z czym te nie mogą odłączać się swobodnie. Komórki trychomu połączone są plazmodesmami.

Trychomy otoczone pochwą (sztywną, miękką lub galaretowatą) nazywane są nićmi (filamentami)[1].

Sinice z rzędu Oscillatoriales i Nostocales mają trychomy nierozgałęzione lub pozornie rozgałęzione. W rzędzie Stigonematales występują nici prawdziwie rozgałęzione, także złożone z kilku trychomów. Trychomy Oscillatoriales są jednakobiegunowe, u Nostocales mogą być zróżnicowane na szeroką podstawę i wąski szczyt przechodzący we włos[2].

Krótkie odcinki trychomów funkcjonujące jako zarodniki noszą nazwę hormogoniów.

Nazwa trychom w zasadzie stosowana jest wyłącznie w odniesieniu do sinic, jednak tworzenie nici (filamentacja) występuje też u innych bakterii (np. u Escherichia coli)[3], a nić jest jedną z częstszych postaci pozostałych glonów. Obecność glonów nitkowatych (w tym sinic) w zbiorniku jest z punktu widzenia człowieka niepożądana, gdyż ze względu na ich odporność (są z trudem wyjadane przez zooplankton i osiągają przewagę konkurencyjną nad innymi glonami i makrofitami) łatwo prowadzi do zakwitów[4].

Przypisy

  1. Marcin Pliński: Glony Zatoki Gdańskiej - Klucz do oznaczania gatunków. T. I: Sinice. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, 1988. ISBN 83-7017-257-1.
  2. Karol Starmach: Plankton roślinny wód słodkich: Metody badania i klucze do oznaczania gatunków występujących w wodach Europy Środkowej. Warszawa–Kraków: PWN, 1989. ISBN 83-01-09190-8.
  3. S.S. Justice, D. A. Hunstad, P. C. Seed, S. J. Hultgren. Filamentation by Escherichia coli subverts innate defenses during urinary tract infection. „Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”. 52 (103), s. 19884-19889, 15 grudnia 2006. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606329104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID: 17172451. (ang.). 
  4. Winfried Lampert, Ulrich Sommer: Ekologia wód śródlądowych. tłum. Joanna Pijanowska. Warszawa: PWN, 2001, s. 228-230. ISBN 83-01-13387-2.

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