Skala Forresta

Obraz endoskopowy wrzodu dwunastnicy, znajdującego się w tylnej części opuszki dwunastnicy, bez oznak aktywnego krwawienia. Nasilenie krwawienia: Forrest IIIa/IIIb

Skala Forresta – klasyfikacja krwawienia z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego używana do celów porównawczych i przy kwalifikowaniu pacjentów do leczenia endoskopowego.

Nasilenie krwawienia Typ Kryteria
Krwawienie aktywne Ia tryskająca krew
Krwawienie aktywne Ib sączenie krwią
Znamiona niedawnego krwawienia IIa widoczne naczynie niekrwawiące
Znamiona niedawnego krwawienia IIb w dnie niszy wrzodowej widoczny skrzep, którego nie można spłukać silnym strumieniem wody
Znamiona niedawnego krwawienia IIc w dnie owrzodzenia stwierdza się hematynę
Nie ma krwawienia III stwierdza się potencjalną przyczynę krwawienia bez cech czynnego ani niedawno przebytego krwawienia

Skalę opracowali John A.H. Forrest i współpracownicy w 1974 roku[1]. Skala Forresta jest ważnym narzędziem do klasyfikowania pacjentów z krwawieniem z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego pod względem ryzyka zgonu. Jest również stosowana do przewidywania ryzyka powtórnego krwawienia, a także do oceny sposobów interwencji endoskopowej. Kryteria te są niezbędne do prawidłowego planowania leczenia endoskopowego i chirurgicznego krwawienia z wrzodów żołądka[2].

Przypisy

  1. ↑ J.A. Forrest, N.D. Finlayson, D.J. Shearman. Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. „Lancet”. 2 (7877), s. 394-397, 1974. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91770-X. PMID: 4136718. 
  2. ↑ Heldwein W, Schreiner J, Pedrazzoli J, Lehnert P. Is the Forrest classification a useful tool for planning endoscopic therapy of bleeding peptic ulcers?. „Endoscopy”, s. 258–62, 1989. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010729. PMID: 2693077. 

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