Milet

Milet
Descobridor o inventaire
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la teatre grèc de Milet
la teatre grèc de Milet
la teatre grèc de Milet
Caracteristicas
Region: Asia menora
Epòca:
Liga: Liga Ioniana, Liga de Delos

Milet (en grèc ancian: Μῑ́λητος Milêtos) es una anciana ciutat grèga ioniana. Lo site arqueologic es situat sus la còsta sud-oèst de Turquia, a qualques quilomètres au nòrd de l'agglomeracion de Balat, que foguèt una de las capitalas del beylicat de Menteşe al sègle XIV. Lo site de Milet es actualament a mai de cinc quilomètres en de dins de las tèrras a causa del colomatge de la baia pels alluvions portat pel Meandre.

Istòria

Tòrs venent de Milet, vèrs -480, Lovre

La reconstruccion se faguèt après la victòria ellèna contra los Pèrsas al cap Mical en -479. Las òbras son tradicionalament attribuidas a Ippodamos dich de Milet. La vila èra bastida un plan urbanistic fòrça estricte, quadrilhant la vila en ilòtas carradas, insulae. Èran tanben prevists de luòcs especials pels bastiments publics. Aquel modèl d'urbanisme, dich « traçat ippodamian », foguèt enseguida utilizat dins fòrça ciutats e coloniás e inspirtèt lo modèl d'urbanisme utilizat pels Romans.

Dins aquel temps, Milet intrèt dins la liga de Dèlos mas se revoltèt contra Atenas en 412. D'entre los Milesians celèbres de l'epòca, i a Aspasia, la mestressa de Pericles, Ippodamos, lo conceptaire del Pirèu e lo poèta Timotèu.

Mas Milet perdèt son accès a la mar: la poténcia maritima s'encalèt dins las tèrras après un ensablament de contunh, causa qu'o faguèt que foguèt abandonada totalament. Alara, al sègle XI, la ciutat de Balat foguèt edificada a proximitat pels Seljoquidas. Milet / Balat passèt enseguida jos l'autoritat de la dinastia dels Mentecheïds o Menteşeoğullari, amb una parentèsa veneciana vèrs 1355 e foguèt incorporada a l'Empèri Otoman en 1424.

Una de las glòria de la ciutat ioniana es d'aver fondat fòrça coloniás que la Bizanci grèga.

Site arqueologic

Teatre de Milet, bastit sus terren plan
Pòrta del mercat de Milet, Pergamon Museum, Musi de Pergama Berlin
Portic de l'agòra de Milet

Milet a l'epòca ellenistica

La vila èra dessenhada segon un plan ortogonal dich « ippodamien », qu'Ippodamos de Milet ne seriá estat l'inventor.

Las escavacions de Theodor Wiegand, al començament del sègle XX, mostrèron una granda partida de la ciutat portuària e dels monuments ellenistics:

  • boleuterion: sala de reunion de la Bolèa (Conselh);
  • mercat del Nòrd;
  • mercat del Sud, que l'intrada monumentala fogut transferida e a Berlin, al Pergamon Museum, per Theodor Wiegand;
  • nimfèa: font publica amb d'esculturas;
  • tèrmes de Faustina, d'epòca romana;
  • mercat de l'Oèst, près del temple d'Atèna;
  • estadi;
  • delfinion, sanctuari d'Apollon Delfinios, principal sanctuari de la ciutat;
  • sanctuari oracular d'Apollon a Didimes.

Lo sanctuari d'Apollon a Didimes, situa a quinze quilomètres de Milet, ligat a la vila per una carrièra dirècta partent de la pòrta Sagrada. Foguèt lo mai grand de totes los sanctuaris del mond ellenistic.

Personatges celèbres

Colonias de Milet

Plini lo Vièlh cita mai de quatre vints colonias fondadas per Milet[1], entre que Amisos, Apolonia, Dioscurias, Histria, Kerasos, Kytoros (o Cytorus), Kotyora, Odessos, Olbia del Pont, Panticapèa, Fanagòria, Phasis, Pityos, Sesamos, Sinope, Tanaïs, Teodosia, Trapezont, Tomis, Tiras.

Imatges

Notas e referéncias

  1. Histoire naturelle, Livre V, chapitres xxxi-xl.[1] Plini lo Vièlh.

Vejatz tanben

Wikimedia Commons prepausa de documents multimèdia liures sus Milet.

Bibliografia

  • John Garstang, The Hittite Empire, University Press, Edinburgh, 1930, pp. 179-80.
  • Gerhard Kleiner, Die Ruinen von Milet. Berlin 1968.
  • Wolfgang Müller-Wiener (Hrsg.), Milet 1899 - 1980. Ergebnisse, Probleme u. Perspektiven einer Ausgrabung. Kolloquium, Frankfurt am Main 1980. Istanbuler Mitteilungen. Beiheft 31. Tübingen 1986. ISBN 3-8030-1730-0
Publicacions arqueologicas
  • Milet - Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen und Untersuchungen seit dem Jahre 1899. Begründet von Theodor Wiegand. Reimer/Schötz/de Gruyter, Berlin 1906ff.
    • Band 1,1: Paul Wilski: Karte der Milesischen Halbinsel. 1906
    • Band 1,2: Hubert Knackfuss, Carl Fredrich: Das Rathaus von Milet. 1908
    • Band 1,3: Georg Kawerau, Albert Rehm, Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen: Das Delphinion in Milet. 1914.
    • Band 1,4: Armin von Gerkan: Der Poseidonaltar bei Kap Monodendri. 1915.
    • Band 1,5: Das Nymphaeum von Milet. 1919.
    • Band 1,6: Armin von Gerkan: Der Nordmarkt und der Hafen an der Loewenbucht. 1922.
    • Band 1,7: Hubert Knackfuss: Der Südmarkt. 1924.
    • Band 1,8: Armin von Gerkan: Kalabaktepe, Athenatempel und Umgebung. 1925.
    • Band 1,9: Armin von Gerkan, Fritz Krischen, Friedrich Drexel: Thermen und Palaestren. 1928.
    • Band 1,10: Berthold F. Weber: Die römischen Heroa von Milet. 2004.
    • Band 2,1: Armin von Gerkan: Das Stadion. 1921.
    • Band 2,2: Theodor Wiegand, Kurt Krause: Die Milesische Landschaft. 1929.
    • Band 2,3: Armin von Gerkan: Die Stadtmauern. 1935.
    • Band 2,4: Walter Bendt: Topographische Karte von Milet. 1968.
    • Band 3,1: Theodor Wiegand: Der Latmos. 1913.
    • Band 3,2: Fritz Krischen: Die Befestigungen von Herakleia am Latmos. 1922.
    • Band 3,4: Karl Wultzinger, Paul Wittek, Friedrich Sarre: Das Islamische Milet. 1935.
    • Band 3,5: Alfred Philippson, Karl Lyncker: Das südliche Jonien. 1936.
    • Band 3,6: Anneliese Peschlow-Bindokat: Feldforschungen im Latmos. 2005.
    • Band 6,1: Peter Herrmann: Inschriften von Milet. Teil 1. A. Inschriften n. 187–406 (Nachdruck aus den Bänden I 5–II 3). B. Nachträge und Übersetzungen zu den Inschriften n. 1–406. 1997.
    • Band 6,2: ders.: Inschriften von Milet. Teil 2. Inschriften n. 407–1019. 1998.
    • Band 6,3: ders.: Inschriften von Milet. Teil 3. Inschriften n. 1020–1580. 2006.

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