Jersey-nederlandsk


Nederlandsk språk i globalt perspektiv
Nederlandsk språk
*Nederlandsk i Nederland
*Nederlandsk i Belgia
*Nederlandsk i Surinam
*Nederlandsk på Aruba, Curaçao og Sint Maarten
**Afrikaans

*Nederlandsk i Vallonia
*Nederlandsk i Frankrike
**(Nederlandsk i Fransk-Guyana)
*Nederlandsk i Tyskland
*Nederlandsk i Amerikas forente stater
Mohawk-nederlandsk, Pella-nederlandsk,
Albany-nederlandsk, Jersey-nederlandsk
*Nederlandsk i Indonesia
*Afrikaans i Namibia

Nederlandske kreolspråk:
Petjo, javindo, negerhollandsk,

Berbice-nederlandsk, (afrikaans)

Jersey-nederlandsk (ned.:/eng.: Jersey Dutch) var en nederlandsk dialekt som var i bruk fra det 17. og frem til begynnelsen av det 20. århundre[1] i den nordlige delen av den amerikanske staten New Jersey. Området omfattet Bergen og Passaic County Det var et nederlandsk kreolspråk som oppstod da dialekter fra Zeeland i Nederland (zeeuws), Flandern (flamsk) og amerikansk engelsk ble blandet, muligens også med ord fra lenape (et indiansk språk).

Et poeng er at det fantes to adskilte varianter av Jersey-nederlandsk. Den regionale nederlandske dialekten som ble brukt av dem som var av nederlandsk avstamning, og den varianten som ble snakket av negerslaver og de som var av blandingsrase (Negroe dutch), et folk kalt «Ramapought Mountain Indians» eller «Jackson Whites». Den sistnevnte varianten har en generell nedgang i bruk av bøyning som tilsynelatende også omfatter et tap av verbets fortid. Dette skyldes isolasjonen fra andre nederlandsktalende og kontakten med engelsktalende. Den første variasjonen opplevde ett tilsvarende forfall, men i mye mindre grad. Den første er derfor ikke et kreolspråk hvilket den andre er.

Eksempel

  • En kääd'l had twî jongers; de êne blêv täus; de andere xong vôrt f'n häus f'r en stat.Hai waz nît tevrêde täus en dârkîs tû râkni arm. Hai dogti ôm dat täus en z'n vâders pläk. Tû zaide: äk zal na häus xâne. Main vâder hät plänti.
Nederlandsk: Een man had twee jongens; de ene bleef thuis; de andere ging voort van huis voor een vermogen. Hij was niet tevreden thuis en hij werd daardoor arm. Hij dacht aan thuis en zijn vaders plaats. Hij zei: ik zal naar huis gaan. Mijn vader heeft overvloed.
Norsk: En mann hadde to sønner, den ene ble hjemme, den andre forlot hjemmet for å finne lykken. Han trivdes ikke hjemme, og på grunn av det ble han fattig. Han tenkte på hjemmet og hans fars sted. Han sa: Jeg skal reise hjem. Min far har mer enn nok.

Teksten er hentet fra A text in Jersey Dutch Dr J. Dyneley Prince, 1910[2]

Klassifikasjon

Referanser

  1. ^ Holm, John A. (1989). Pidgins and Creoles. Cambridge University Press. s. 335-8. ISBN 0-521-35940-6. 
  2. ^ Radio Netherlands

Litteratur

  • Mencken, H.L. The American Language. 1921. pp Appendix 8: Dutch. [1]
  • Prince, J. Dyneley. 1910. "The Jersey Dutch Dialect." Dialect Notes III, 459.
  • Shetter, William Z. 1958. "A Final Word on Jersey Dutch." American Speech 33:243-251
  • Storms, James B.H. 1964. A Jersey Dutch Vocabulary. Park Ridge: Pascack Historical Society.

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