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Etiopisk kalender

Den etiopiske kalender (amharisk የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) er den viktigste av kalendrene som brukes i Etiopia. Den brukes også av Den etiopiske ortodokse kirke under navnet ge'ez-kalenderen. Den er basert på den koptiske kalender, som i sin tur er basert på den egyptiske kalender, men man har også tatt inn elementer fra den julianske kalender. Kalenderen har i likhet med sistnevnte skuddår hvert fjerde år uten unntak, og skuddårsdagen legges inn 29. august eller 30. august ca. seks måneder før skuddårsdagen 29. februar regnet etter den gregorianske kalenderen.

I og med at regelen for om det skal regnes skuddårsdag sammenfaller for den gregorianske og den etiopiske kalenderen i perioden fra og med 1901 til og med 2099, vil tidspunktet for den etiopiske kalenderens nyttårsdag være fast 11. eller 12. september avhengig av skuddår. (Utenfor dette tidsintervallet må man korrigere for at den gregorianske kalenderen ikke regner skuddår for hele århundre unntatt hele århundre delelige med 400. Denne forskjellen gjør at tidspunktet for den etiopiske nyttårsdagen faller senere og senere ettersom den etiopiske kalenderen regner flere skuddårsdager enn den gregorianske kalenderen.)

Som den koptiske kalender har den etiopiske tolv måneder á tretti dager, samt fem eller seks epagomenale dager, ofte kalt «den trettende måned». Månedene begynner på samme dag som i den koptiske kalender, men har andre navn, på ge'ez. Skuddårsdagen legges inn etter 29. august, seks måneder før man legger den inn i den julianske kalender.

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