Dixieland

Dixieland er en musikkform, ansett som den første form for jazz-musikk. Dixieland utviklet seg i Dixie-området, spesielt rundt New Orleans 1900–1910 og spredte seg til Chicago og New York 1910–1915. Mens et blåseinstrument spiller melodiene mer eller mindre rett fram, improviserer de andre. ¨Kompet¨ sørger for stødig rytme og akkordunderlag. Formen innebærer et hovedtema på trompet, etterfulgt av samtidig improvisasjon over temaet fra resten av orkesteret. Kjente melodier spilt som dixieland var Muskat ramble, Basin street blues og When the saints go marching in.

Begrepet «dixieland» ble vanlig etter at Original Dixieland Jass Band spilte inn den første jazzplate (1917), og oppnådde meget suksess (over en million solgte). Gruppene til Louis Armstrong (som «Hot Five» og «Hot Seven») ble også meget kjente og i 1920- og 1930-årene referert til som dixieland-orkestre. Dixieland som pop-fenomen avtok etter hvert som swing-jazzen ble populær i 1930-årene. Begrepet «trad jazz» brukes om senere spilling av dixieland, såkalte «revivals», som fant sted f.eks. innen britisk jazz i 1950-årene. En finner også «dixie-bop» eller «progressiv dixieland» som forsøker å forene dixieland med andre jazz-former, bl.a. bebop.

Litteratur

  • Reimer von Essen: New Orleans. In: Joachim-Ernst Berendt (Hg.) Die Story des Jazz. Vom New Orleans zum Rock Jazz. Reinbek 1978 (1991), S. 17–38.

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