Askese

Buddha praktiserte særdeles streng askese før hans opplysning og anbefalte deretter en ikke-asketisk mellomvei for andre.[1]

Askese (fra gresk ἄσκησις, áskēsis, «øvelse»)[2] betyr øvelse i selvtukt ved streng avholdenhet fra materielle nytelser, ofte av religiøse grunner. En person som utfører askese blir referert til som asket. På gresk blir ordet asket ofte brukt i betydningen av eremitt,[3] som er en person som flytter ut fra samfunnet, for å leve et liv i ensomhet.

Askese har historisk blitt praktisert i mange religiøse tradisjoner, inkludert kristendommen, islam, hinduismen, buddhismen, og jainismen. De som praktiserer askese innenfor disse religionene unngår eller skyr verdslige gleder og henvender seg til et avholdende livsstil i søken etter religiøs forløsning, eller forsoning eller åndelighet. Innenfor hinduismen blir ordet ofte bruk synonymt med fakir. Under kjente asketer finner vi blant annet Siddharta Gautama, den øverste Buddha. Innen kristendommen praktiserte særlig Frans av Assisi og hans tilhengere ekstreme asketiske handlinger.[4]

Referanser

  1. ^ Collins, Randall (2000): The sociology of philosophies: a global theory of intellectual change, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0674001879, s. 204
  2. ^ Søk etter Askese i Bokmålsordboka og Nynorskordboka eller i Det Norske Akademis ordbok  
  3. ^ «eremitt», Bokmålsordboka
  4. ^ Cook, William (2008): Francis of Assisi: The Way of Poverty and Humility, Wipf and Stock Publishers, ISBN 978-1556357305, s. 46-47

Litteratur

  • Valantasis, Richard (2008): The Making of the Self: Ancient and Modern Asceticism. James Clarke & Co ISBN 978-0-227-17281-0.

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