Makrofagkolonistimulerande faktor

Uttrykkingsmønster i RNA
Uttrykkingsmønster i RNA

Kolonistimulerande faktor 1 (CSF1), også kjend som makrofagkolonistimulerande faktor (M-CSF), er eit utskild cytokin som påverkar hematopoetiske stamceller slik at dei differensierer til makrofagar eller andre relaterte celletypar. Eukaryote celler dannar også M-CSF for å nedkjempa intercellulære virusinfeksjonar. M-CSF fester seg til kolonistimulerande faktor 1-reseptor. Den deltek truleg også i utviklinga av morkaka.[1]

Struktur

M-CSF er eit cytokin. Den aktive forma av proteinet er å finne som eit ekstracellulært disulfid-lenkja homodimer, som truleg blir danna ved proteolytisk kløyving av membranbundne forlauparar.

Førebels har ein funne fire transkripsjonsvariantar som kodar for tre ulike isoformer av dette genet.[1]

Funksjon

M-CSF er ein hematopoetisk vekstfaktor som bidreg til proliferasjon, differensiering og styrking av monocyttar, makrofagar og progenitorceller i beinmergen.[2] M-CSF påverkar makrofagar og monocyttar på mange måtar, mellom anna ved å stimulere auka fagocyttisk og kjemotaktisk aktivitet, samt ved å auke cytotoksisitet i tumorceller.[3] Rolla til M-CSF er likevel ikkje avgrensa til monocyttar, makrofagar og andre avstammingar av desse cellene. Den samhandlar også med ein tilhøyrande membranreseptor (CSF1R eller M-CSF-R, som er koda for av proto-onkogenet c-fms) for å modulere proliferasjonen av tidlege hematopoetiske forlauparar. Den påverkar også fleire fysiologiske prosessar som er tilknytt immunologi, metabolisme, fertilitet og graviditet.[4]

M-CSF som blir sloppe ut av osteoblastar (som følgje av endokrin stimulering av parathyreoideahormon) utøver parakrine verknadar på osteoklastar. M-CSF fester seg til reseptorar på osteoklastane og framkallar differensiering. Dette fører til auka kalsiumnivå i blodplasma gjennom resorpsjon (nedbryting) av knokkelvev. Epitelvevet i endometriet hjå gravide kvinner er kjenneteikna ved monaleg genuttrykking av M-CSF, samt ved høge nivå av reseptoren CSF1R i placentale trofoblastar. Forsking har vist at aktiveringa av trofoblastisk CSF1R frå høge nivå av M-CSF er vesentleg for normal embryonal implantasjon og utvikling av livmora. Nyleg forsking har også vist at M-CSF og CSF1R er til stades i mjølkekjertlane ved normal utvikling og neoplastisk vekst.[5]

Klinisk relevans

Lokalisert produksjon av M-CSF i åreveggane bidreg til utviklinga og framdrifta av aterosklerose.[6]

M-CSF spelar ei rolle i kronisk aktivering av monocyttar, som fører til fleire metabolske, hematologiske og immunologiske forstyrringar i pasientar med kronisk nyresvikt.[7]

Samhandling

Makrofagkolonistimulerande faktor samhandlar med PIK3R2.[8]

Kjelder

  1. 1,0 1,1 «Entrez Gene: CSF1 colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)». 
  2. Stanley ER, Berg KL, Einstein DB, Lee PS, Pixley FJ, Wang Y, Yeung YG (Januar 1997). «Biology and action of colony--stimulating factor-1». Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46 (1): 4–10. 
  3. Nemunaitis J (April 1993). «Macrophage function activating cytokines: potential clinical application». Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 14 (2): 153–71. 
  4. Fixe P, Praloran V (Juni 1997). «Macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (M-CSF or CSF-1) and its receptor: structure-function relationships». Eur. Cytokine Netw. 8 (2): 125–36. 
  5. Sapi E (Januar 2004). «The role of CSF-1 in normal physiology of mammary gland and breast cancer: an update». Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 229 (1): 1–11. 
  6. Rajavashisth T, Qiao JH, Tripathi S, Tripathi J, Mishra N, Hua M, Wang XP, Loussararian A, Clinton S, Libby P, Lusis A (Juni 1998). «Heterozygous osteopetrotic (op) mutation reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor- deficient mice». J. Clin. Invest. 101 (12): 2702–10. 
  7. Le Meur Y., Fixe P., Aldigier J-C., Leroux-Robert C. and Praloran V. (April 1996). «Macrophage colony stimulating factor involvement in uremic patients». Kidney International 50 (196): 1107–1102. 
  8. Gout I, Dhand R, Panayotou G, Fry MJ, Hiles I, Otsu M, Waterfield MD (Desember 1992). «Expression and characterization of the p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex and a related p85 beta protein by using the baculovirus expression system». Biochem. J. 288 (2): 395–405. 

Vidare lesnad

  • Rajavashisth T, Qiao JH, Tripathi S, Tripathi J, Mishra N, Hua M, Wang XP, Loussararian A, Clinton S, Libby P, Lusis A (Juni 1998). «Heterozygous osteopetrotic (op) mutation reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor- deficient mice». J. Clin. Invest. 101 (12): 2702–10. 
  • Stanley ER, Berg KL, Einstein DB, Lee PS, Yeung YG (1995). «The biology and action of colony stimulating factor-1». Stem Cells. 12 Suppl 1: 15–24; discussion 25. 
  • Alterman RL, Stanley ER (1994). «Colony stimulating factor-1 expression in human glioma». Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 21 (2–3): 177–88. 
  • Stanley ER, Berg KL, Einstein DB, Lee PS, Pixley FJ, Wang Y, Yeung YG (1997). «Biology and action of colony--stimulating factor-1». Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46 (1): 4–10. 
  • Sweet MJ, Hume DA (2004). «CSF-1 as a regulator of macrophage activation and immune responses». Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.) 51 (3): 169–77. 
  • Mroczko B, Szmitkowski M (2005). «Hematopoietic cytokines as tumor markers». Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 42 (12): 1347–54. 
  • Pandit J, Bohm A, Jancarik J, Halenbeck R, Koths K, Kim SH (1993). «Three-dimensional structure of dimeric human recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor». Science 258 (5086): 1358–62. 
  • Suzu S, Ohtsuki T, Yanai N, Takatsu Z, Kawashima T, Takaku F, Nagata N, Motoyoshi K (1992). «Identification of a high molecular weight macrophage colony-stimulating factor as a glycosaminoglycan-containing species». J. Biol. Chem. 267 (7): 4345–8. 
  • Saltman DL, Dolganov GM, Hinton LM, Lovett M (1992). «Reassignment of the human macrophage colony stimulating factor gene to chromosome 1p13-21». Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182 (3): 1139–43. 
  • Praloran V, Chevalier S, Gascan H (1992). «Macrophage colony-stimulating factor is produced by activated T lymphocytes in vitro and is detected in vivo in T cells from reactive lymph nodes». Blood 79 (9): 2500–1. 
  • Price LK, Choi HU, Rosenberg L, Stanley ER (1992). «The predominant form of secreted colony stimulating factor-1 is a proteoglycan». J. Biol. Chem. 267 (4): 2190–9. 
  • Pampfer S, Tabibzadeh S, Chuan FC, Pollard JW (1992). «Expression of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) messenger RNA in human endometrial glands during the menstrual cycle: molecular cloning of a novel transcript that predicts a cell surface form of CSF-1». Mol. Endocrinol. 5 (12): 1931–8. 
  • Stein J, Borzillo GV, Rettenmier CW (1990). «Direct stimulation of cells expressing receptors for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) by a plasma membrane-bound precursor of human CSF-1». Blood 76 (7): 1308–14. 
  • Sherr CJ, Rettenmier CW, Sacca R, Roussel MF, Look AT, Stanley ER (1985). «The c-fms proto-oncogene product is related to the receptor for the mononuclear phagocyte growth factor, CSF-1». Cell 41 (3): 665–76. 
  • Cerretti DP, Wignall J, Anderson D, Tushinski RJ, Gallis BM, Stya M, Gillis S, Urdal DL, Cosman D (1988). «Human macrophage-colony stimulating factor: alternative RNA and protein processing from a single gene». Mol. Immunol. 25 (8): 761–70. 
  • Takahashi M, Hirato T, Takano M, Nishida T, Nagamura K, Kamogashira T, Nakai S, Hirai Y (1989). «Amino-terminal region of human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is sufficient for its in vitro biological activity: molecular cloning and expression of carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants of human M-CSF». Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 161 (2): 892–901. 
  • Kawasaki ES, Ladner MB, Wang AM, Van Arsdell J, Warren MK, Coyne MY, Schweickart VL, Lee MT, Wilson KJ, Boosman A (1985). «Molecular cloning of a complementary DNA encoding human macrophage-specific colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1)». Science 230 (4723): 291–6. 
  • Rettenmier CW, Roussel MF, Ashmun RA, Ralph P, Price K, Sherr CJ (1987). «Synthesis of membrane-bound colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and downmodulation of CSF-1 receptors in NIH 3T3 cells transformed by cotransfection of the human CSF-1 and c-fms (CSF-1 receptor) genes». Mol. Cell. Biol. 7 (7): 2378–87. 
  • Takahashi M, Hong YM, Yasuda S, Takano M, Kawai K, Nakai S, Hirai Y (1988). «Macrophage colony-stimulating factor is produced by human T lymphoblastoid cell line, CEM-ON: identification by amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis». Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 152 (3): 1401–9. 
  • Rettenmier CW, Roussel MF (1989). «Differential processing of colony-stimulating factor 1 precursors encoded by two human cDNAs». Mol. Cell. Biol. 8 (11): 5026–34. 
  • Wong GG, Temple PA, Leary AC, Witek-Giannotti JS, Yang YC, Ciarletta AB, Chung M, Murtha P, Kriz R, Kaufman RJ (1987). «Human CSF-1: molecular cloning and expression of 4-kb cDNA encoding the human urinary protein». Science 235 (4795): 1504–8. 





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