Halfmetall

De Halfmetallen sünd een Klass von chemisch Elementen, de in dat Periodensystem twüschen de Nichtmetallen un de Metallen staht. De Naam düüd an, dat Halfmetallen Eegenschoppen hebbt, de to de Metallen to reken sünd, so as dat leiden von elektrischen Stroom. Ober denn hebbt se eenige Eegenschoppen ebens ok nich, wat jüm denn wedder mehr to de Nichtmetallen höören lett.

So ganz klor defineert is dat in physikalschen Sinn nich, wokeen Element nu dorto tellt, un wokeen nich. Dorüm finnst in ünnerscheedliche Böker ok verscheeden Dorstellen un Indeelen von’t Periodensysteem. Normalerwies warrt to de Halfmetallen folgend Elementen rekent:

  1. Bor
  2. Silizium
  3. Germanium
  4. Arsen
  5. Antimon
  6. Selen (wat faken ok to de Nichtmetallen tellt waart)
  7. Tellur
  8. Astat (wat gliektietig ok een Halogen is, wat eegentlich nu wedder Nichtmetallen sünd)
  9. Polonium (wat meistens ehrer to de Metallen tellt warrt)

De Halfmetallen hebbt to eegen, dat se – tomindst in een von jümmer Modifikatschoonen – den Stroom leiden künnt, ober düüdlich slechter as „normale“ Metallen. Dorno müss de Kohlenstoff ok dorto tellen, as Graphit jo den Stroom leiden deit. In eenige Tabelln steiht ok dat Aluminium bi de Halfmetallen, wat ober jo eegentlich een Metall is.

Anners as bi de Metallen, leidt de Halfmetallen ober den Stroom beter, wenn de Temperatur hööger warrt. Un beter leiden dot se ok denn, wenn annere Elementen dor as „Verunreinigen“ mit binnen sünd. Dat gifft dat bi annere Metallen so nich. Ünnerscheedlich is ok, dat de Halfmetallen no’n Opsmöllen weniger Volumen bruukt, as in’n fasten Tostand. Dat heet ober also, dat de Begreep Halfmetall eng mit de Indeelen no elektrisch Leider oder elektrisch Halfleider tohopenhiengt, man een richtig wetenschopplich Achtergrund för den Begreep Halfmetall gifft dat nicht.

Manch Book lett disse Grupp dorüm ok ganz weg un rekent de Elementen denn to een von de beiden Gruppen Metallen oder Nichtmetallen dorto.


Periodensystem vun de Elementen
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Alkalimetallen Eerdalkalimetallen Lanthanoiden Actinoiden Övergangssmetallen Metallen Halfmetallen Nichmetallen Halogenen Edelgasen Chemie unkünnig
 

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