Penyiaran antarabangsa

Penyiaran antarabangsa ialah penyiaran yang sengaja ditujukan kepada penonton asing, bukan penonton tempatan. Ia biasanya disiarkan melalui radio gelombang pendek gelombang panjang, gelombang mikro, atau (lebih biasanya), tetapi dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini juga telah menggunakan penyiaran satelit langsung dan internet sebagai cara untuk mencapai khalayak.

Walaupun program radio dan televisyen bergerak di luar sempadan negara, dalam banyak kes penerimaan orang asing adalah tidak sengaja. Walau bagaimanapun, untuk tujuan propaganda, memancarkan kepercayaan agama, menjaga hubungan dengan koloni atau ekspatriat, pendidikan, meningkatkan perdagangan, meningkatkan prestij nasional, atau mempromosikan pelancongan dan muhibah, perkhidmatan penyiaran telah mengendalikan perkhidmatan luar sejak 1920-an.

Sejarah

Penyiaran antarabangsa, dalam tahap yang terhad, bermula semasa Perang Dunia I, apabila stesen Jerman dan British menyiarkan komuniti akhbar menggunakan kod Morse. Dengan pemisahan kabel bawah laut Jerman, stesen telegraf tanpa wayar di Nauen adalah satu-satunya cara komunikasi jarak jauh di negara ini.

Stesen radio Perkhidmatan Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat di New Brunswick, Kanada, menghantar 'Empat Belas' secara wayarles ke Nauen pada tahun 1917.[1] Sebaliknya, stesen Nauen menyiarkan berita penyingkiran Kaiser Wilhelm II pada 10 November 1918.[2]

Rujukan

  1. ^ Wood 2000: 56
  2. ^ U.S. Government Printing Office. International Law Documents: Neutrality, Conduct and Conclusion of Hostilities. 1919, p. 55

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