Tevhida Ibrahim Pasha Tusun Pasha Isma'il Hatice (a.k.a. Nazli) Sa'id Pasha Hassan Ali Sadik Bey Muhammad Abdel Halim Muhammad Ali yang Muda Fatma al-Ruhiya Zeinab
Muhammad[a] Ali Pasha al-Mas'yd ibn Agha (Bahasa Turki Uthmaniyah: محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغاcode: ota is deprecated ; محمد علي باشاcode: ar is deprecated / ALA-LC: Muḥammad 'Alī Bāshā; albania: Mehmet Ali Pasha; turki: Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa;[2] 4 Mac 1769 – 2 Ogos 1849) adalah seorang komandertentera Uthmaniyah berbangsa Albania yang dinaikkan pangkat menjadi Pasha, kemudiannya menjadi Wāli, dan seterusnya mengisytiharkan dirinya sebagai Khadiwah Mesir dan Sudan. Beliau dianggap sebagai bapa Mesir moden atas langkah-langkah pembaharuan yang dilakukan ke atas negara tersebut dari segi ketenteraan, ekonomi dan budaya. Dinasti yang diasaskan oleh beliau memerintah kawasan hulu dan hilir Mesir serta Sudan sehinggalah kerajaan tersebut digulingkan pada 1952.
Nota
^The spelling of Muhammad Ali's first name in both Arabic, and Ottoman Turkish was consistent: محمد (Muhammad). This is the name by which he was known to his Egyptian subjects, and the name used uniformly in Egyptian, and Arab historical scholarship. However, given his original status as a commander in the Ottoman military, his first name is often rendered as Mehmed, which is the standard rendition of that name in Ottoman Turkish, or Mehmet in Albanian and Modern Turkish. Current English-language historical scholarship is divided as to which is preferable, with the majority opinion favoring the former. Typically, historians accentuating the Egyptian character of his rule opt for 'Muhammad', whilst those accentuating the Ottoman character opt for 'Mehmed' or 'Mehmet'. This distinction is an issue for those writing in the Latin alphabet, but not in Arabic.[1]
Rujukan
^Khalid Fahmy (1998). All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, his Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. Cambridge University Press.
