Braille bahasa Arab

Tulisan Braille bahasa Arab
Jenis tulisan
abjad
ca. 1950
Asas cetakan
Huruf Arab
Bahasa-bahasaBahasa Arab
Tulisan berkaitan
Sistem tulisan induk
Braille
 Laman ini mengandungi transkripsi fonetik daripada Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa (AFA). Untuk panduan pengenalan simbol-simbol AFA, sila lihat Bantuan:AFA. Untuk membezakan simbol [ ], / / dan ⟨ ⟩, sila lihat IPA § Tanda-tanda kurung dan pembatas-pembatas transkripsi.

Tulisan Braille bahasa Arab (Arab: بريل عربية, birēl ʻarabīyah / birayl ) ialah huruf braille yang digunakan untuk menulis bahasa Arab. Ia berasal daripada huruf braille yang dibawa masuk ke Mesir oleh seorang pendakyah Kristian Inggeris sebelum 1878, jadi peranan huruf itu secara umumnya secocok dengan Braille Inggeris dan beberapa perumian bahasa Arab sebagaimana dalam sistem-sistem braille lain seperti Yunani dan Rusia. Bagaimana pun, terdapat pada suatu ketika pelbagai piawai, ada antaranya (seperti Braille Algeria) yang tidak bersangkutan dengan Braille Mesir. Tulisan Braille bahasa yang disatukan telah diterima pakai pada 1950-an sebagai sebahagian daripada gerakan terhadap braille antarabangsa, dan ia menjadi piawai di serata dunia Arab.[1] Huruf-huruf berasaskan huruf Arab lain yang mempunyai sistem braille yang serupa dengan tulisan Braille bahasa Arab, seperti Urdu dan Parsi, tetapi berbeza pada beberapa huruf dan penetapan tanda diakritik.[2]

Tulisan Braille bahasa Arab dibaca dari kiri ke kanan, menuruti kelaziman antarabangsa. Nombor juga dari kiri ke kanan, sebagaimana dalam bahasa Arab bercetak.

Carta tulisan braille bahasa Arab

Tulisan braille bahasa Arab melibatkan banyak singkatan, sebahagiannya ditandakan dengan titik 4 atau titik 5 (tanda koma), yang tidak digambarkan di sini. Satu persidangan di Arab Saudi pada 2002 menetapkan satu piawai braille yang disatukan bagi bahasa Arab, tetapi sehingga 2013 tidak semua negara yang mematuhinya; negara yang tidak menerima pakai piawai itu termasuklah beberapa negara Arab dan juga negara-negara Muslim bukan Arab seperti Iran, Malaysia dan Indonesia.

Huruf

Meskipun huruf bervokal pendek tidak diakritik dalam tulisan Braille bahasa Arab, ia adalah pilihan dan biasanya ditinggalkan, sebagaimana dalam bahasa Arab bercetak.

Cetakan ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر
Braille ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) ⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) ⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) ⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346) ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) ⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
Cetakan ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف
Braille ⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) ⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) ⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) ⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) ⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) ⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) ⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456) ⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356) ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
Cetakan ق ك ل م ن ه و ي ى ة
Braille ⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345) ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) ⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) ⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456) ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) ⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
Cetakan ال أ إ آ أو ؤ ئ ء
Braille ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) ⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) ⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) ⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) ⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256) ⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
Cetakan ــُ ــَ ــِ ــٌ ــً ــٍ ــْ ــّ
Braille ⠥ (braille pattern dots-136) ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) ⠢ (braille pattern dots-26) ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)

Shaddah datang sebelum konsonan; sukun dan vokal selepas.

Tanda baca dan pemformatan

Terdapat beberapa perbezaan dalam tanda petikan, tanda kurungan dan garis bawah antara tulisan tradisional Arab dan kelaziman Braille.

Tanda baca biasa
Cetakan ، ؛ : . ! ؟ -
Braille ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
Tanda baca legasi
Cetakan “...” (...) * abbre-
viation
under-
lining
Braille ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) ⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
Tanda baca Arab yang disatukan
Cetakan “...” (...) [...] {...} underlining
Braille ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)

Pautan luar

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ "World Braille Usage" (PDF). UNESCO. Dicapai pada 2012-04-27.

Templat:Braille Templat:Arabic language

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