Ерменска азбука

Ерменска азбука
Тип
ТворецМесроб Машдоц
Период
405 година до денес[1]
Правец на пишувањеод лево кон десно Уреди на Википодатоците
Official script Ерменија
Јазициерменски
Сродни писма
Матични системи
грчко писмо[2]
  • Ерменска азбука
Изведени системи
[3][4]
Сродни системи
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Armn, 230 Уреди на Википодатоците, ​Armenian
Уникод
Уникоден назив
Armenian
 Оваа страница може да содржи фонетски симболи од меѓународната фонетска азбука (МФА).


Ерменската азбука е писмо што се користи од ерменскиот јазик од 405 година па сè до денес. Сè до 19 век, класичниот ерменски јазик бил користен за пишаниот јазик и литературата па од тогаш ерменската азбука се користи и за двете верзии на јазикот и за источноерменскиот и за западноерменскиот дијалект на ерменскиот јазик и се развиени двата дијалекти во приближно ист период. Азбуката е официјална на територијата на Република Ерменија а се користи и во регионот Нагорно-Карабах.

Азбука

Форми Име Буква Нумеричка вредност
Класично Реформирано Изговор Изговор Транслитерација
Класичен Источен Западен Класичен Источен Западен Класичен ISO 9985
Ա • ա այբ ayb /ɑjb/ /ɑjpʰ/ /ɑ/ a 1
Բ • բ բեն ben /bɛn/ /pʰɛn/ /b/ /pʰ/ b 2
Գ • գ գիմ gim /ɡim/ /kʰim/ /ɡ/ /kʰ/ g 3
Դ • դ դա da /dɑ/ /tʰɑ/ /d/ /tʰ/ d 4
Ե • ե եչ yečʼ /ɛtʃʰ/ /jɛtʃʰ/ /ɛ/ /ɛ/, word-initially /jɛ/6 e 5
Զ • զ զա za /zɑ/ /z/ z 6
Է • է է ē1 /e/ /ɛ/ /e/ /ɛ/ ê ē 7
Ը • ը7 ըթ ëtʼ /ətʰ/ /ə/ ə ë 8
Թ • թ թօ tʼò[5] թո t'o /tʰɔ/ /tʰ/ t̔, tʿ 9
Ժ • ժ ժէ žē ժե že /ʒe/ /ʒɛ/ /ʒ/ ž 10
Ի • ի ինի ini /ini/ /i/ i 20
Լ • լ լիւն liwn լյուն lyun /liwn/ /ljun/ /lʏn/ /l/ l 30
Խ • խ խէ խե xe /χe/ /χɛ/ /χ/ x 40
Ծ • ծ ծա ca /tsɑ/ /dzɑ/ /ts/ /dz/ c ç 50
Կ • կ կեն ken /kɛn/ /ɡɛn/ /k/ /ɡ/ k 60
Հ • հ հօ [5] հո ho /ho/ /h/ h 70
Ձ • ձ ձա ja /dzɑ/ /tsʰɑ/ /dz/ /tsʰ/ j 80
Ղ • ղ ղադ ġat /ɫɑt/ /ʁɑt/ /ʁɑd/ /ɫ/ /ʁ/ ł ġ 90
Ճ • ճ ճէ čē ճե če /tʃe/ /tʃɛ/ /dʒɛ/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ č č̣ 100
Մ • մ մեն men /mɛn/ /m/ m 200
Յ • յ յի yi հի hi /ji/ /hi/ /j/ /h/1, /j/ y 300
Ն • ն նու nu /nu/ /n/, /ŋ/ n 400
Շ • շ շա ša /ʃɑ/ /ʃ/ š 500
Ո • ո ո vo /ɔ/ /ʋɔ/ /ɔ/ /ɔ/, word-initially /ʋɔ/2 o 600
Չ • չ չա čʼa /tʃʰɑ/ /tʃʰ/ č̔, čʿ č 700
Պ • պ պէ պե pe /pe/ /pɛ/ /bɛ/ /p/ /b/ p 800
Ջ • ջ ջէ ǰē ջե ǰe /dʒe/ /dʒɛ/ /tʃʰɛ/ /dʒ/ /tʃʰ/ ǰ 900
Ռ • ռ ռա ṙa /rɑ/ /ɾɑ/ /r/ /ɾ/ 1000
Ս • ս սէ սե se /se/ /sɛ/ /s/ s 2000
Վ • վ վեւ vew վեվ vev /wɛw/ /vɛv/ /w/ /v/ v 3000
Տ • տ տիւն tiwn տյուն tyun /tiwn/ /tjun/ /dʏn/ /t/ /d/ t 4000
Ր • ր րէ րե re /ɹe/ /ɾɛ/3 /ɹ/ /ɾ/3 r 5000
Ց • ց ցօ cʼò[5] ցո cʼo /tsʰɔ/ /tsʰ/ c̔, cʿ 6000
Ւ • ւ հիւն hiwn հյուն hyun, վյուն vyun5 /hiwn/ /hjun/, /vjun/ /hʏn/ /w/ /v/5 w 7000
Ու • ու ու4 u /u/ /u/ u ow -9
Փ • փ փիւր pʼiwr փյուր p'yur /pʰiwɹ/ /pʰjuɹ/ /pʰʏɾ/ /pʰ/ p̔, pʿ 8000
Ք • ք քէ kʼē քե kʼe /kʰe/ /kʰɛ/ /kʰ/ k̔, kʿ 9000
Օ • օ օ ò1 /o/ /o/ ô ò -9
Ֆ • ֆ ֆէ ֆե fe /fɛ/ /f/ f -9
և և4,8 yew /jɛv/ /ɛv/, word-initially /jɛv/ ew -9

Ракописни форми

Транслитерација

Според ISO 9985 (1996) азбуката се романизира на следниот начин:

ա բ գ դ ե զ է ը թ ժ ի լ խ ծ կ հ ձ ղ ճ մ
a b g d e z ē ë ž i l x ç k h j ġ č̣ m
յ ն շ ո չ պ ջ ռ ս վ տ ր ց ւ փ ք օ ֆ ու և
y n š o č p ǰ s v t r w ò f ow ew

Наводи

  1. Maarten van Lint, Theo (2012). „From Reciting to Writing and Interpretation: Tendencies, themes, and demarcations of Armenian historical writing“. Во Sarah Foot; Chase F. Robinson (уред.). The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 2: 400–1400. Oxford University Press. стр. 180–200. ISBN 978-0-19-923642-8.
  2. Грешка во наводот: Погрешна ознака <ref>; нема зададено текст за наводите по име Sanjian.
  3. Jost Gippert (2011)."The script of the Caucasian Albanians in the light of the Sinai palimpsests". In Werner Seibt and Johannes Preiser-Kapeller, eds. Die Entstehung der kaukasischen Alphabete als kulturhistorisches Phänomen [The Creation of the Caucasian Alphabets as Phenomenon of Cultural History]. Referate des Internationalen Symposiums (1–4 December 2005). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  4. Rayfield, Donald (2000). The Literature of Georgia: a history. Caucasus world (2nd. изд.). Richmond: Curzon. стр. 19. ISBN 978-0-7007-1163-5. The Georgian alphabet seems unlikely to have a pre-Christian origin, for the major archaeological monument of the first century 4IX the bilingual Armazi gravestone commemorating Serafua, daughter of the Georgian viceroy of Mtskheta, is inscribed in Greek and Aramaic only. It has been believed, and not only in Armenia, that all the Caucasian alphabets – Armenian, Georgian and Caucaso-Albanian – were invented in the fourth century by the Armenian scholar Mesrop Mashtots. ... The Georgian chronicles The Life of Kanli assert that a Georgian script was invented two centuries before Christ, an assertion unsupported by archaeology. There is a possibility that the Georgians, like many minor nations of the area, wrote in a foreign language – Persian, Aramaic, or Greek – and translated back as they read.
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 Melkonian, Zareh (1990). Gorçnakan K̕erakanowt̕iwn — Ardi Hayerēn Lezowi (Miǰin ew Barjragoyn Dasënt̕ac̕k̕) Գործնական Քերականութիւն — Արդի Հայերէն Լեզուի (Միջին եւ Բարձրագոյն Դասընթացք) (ерменски) (Fourth. изд.). Los Angeles. стр. 6.

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