Vēdera dobums

Cilvēka ķermeņa dobumi. Vēdera dobums shēmā apzīmēts kā abdominal cavity.

Vēdera dobums (lat. cavitas abdominis) ir dobums, kas atrodas ķermeņa apakšējā daļā zem diafragmas un ir pilnībā aizpildīts ar vēdera orgāniem. Tas tiek iedalīts vēdera dobumā (šaurākā nozīmē) un iegurņa dobumā (lat. cavitas pelvis). Dobums ir izklāts ar vēderplēvi - serozu apvalku, kas nodala vēdera dobumu no retroperitoneālās telpas (lat. spatium retroperitoneale).

Vēdera dobuma orgāni

Vēdera dobumā intraperitoneāli (pilnībā klāti ar vēderplēvi) ir izvietoti, žultspūslis, kuņģis, liesa, tukšā zarna (jejunum), līkumainā zarna (ileum), šķērszarna (colon transversum), S veida zarna (colon sigmoideum), aklā zarna ar tārpveida piedēkli (caecum ar appendix vermiformis). Mezoperitoneāli (daļēji klāti ar vēderplēvi) izvietotas lejupejošā zarna (colon descendens) un augšupejošā zarna (colon ascendens). Aknas ir klātas ar vēderplevi gandrīz pilnībā, un tāpēc var tik pieskaitītas gan mezoperitoneāliem, gan intraperitoneāliem orgāniem. Retroperitoneālajā telpā (retroperitoneāli un ekstraperitoneāli) ir izvietotas nieres, urīnvadi, virsnieres, aizkuņģa dziedzeris, un divpadsmitpirkstu zarnas (duodénum) lielākā daļa.

Vēdera dobuma dalījums

Visu vēdera dobumu var iedalīt trīs apgabalos jeb stāvos.

  • Augšējais stāvs augšpusē ir norobežots ar diafragmu un apakšā ar šķērszarnas (colon transversum) taukplēvi. Augšējā stāvā ir trīs kabatas jeb somas: aknu soma (bursa hepatica), ko iedala vēl divās nišās, priekškuņģa soma (bursa pregastrica) un taukplēves soma (bursa omentalis). Aknu soma savienojas ar priekškuņģa somu caur zemaknu telpu, bet ar taukplēves somu caur Vinslova atveri.
  • Vidējais stāvs atrodas starp šķērszarnas (colon transversum) taukplēvi un iegurņa dobuma ieeju.
  • Apakšējais stāvs atbilst iegurņa dobumam.


Orgānu sistēmas
Orgāni
Kauli
Dziedzeri
Audi
Ķermeņa daļas
Citas vienības

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