Mozus no Leonas

Kabalas pamatteksta "Zohar" pirmā tipogrāfiskā izdevuma titullapa, Mantuja, 1558.

Mozus no Leonas (ap 1250 — 1305), ebreju literatūrā pazīstams kā Moše ben Šem-Tov (משה בן שם-טוב די-ליאון), angliski Moses de Leon, rabīns un kabalists, tiek uzskatīts par Kabalas pamatteksta Zohar autoru, kaut arī tas tikai daļēji ir viņa oriģināldarbs, daļēji senāku tekstu pārlikums.

Biogrāfija

Dzimis Spānijas vidienes pilsētā Gvadalahārā, 30 gadus dzīvojis Gvadalahārā un Valladolidā, vēlāk Avilā. 1305. gadā nolēmis atgriezties mājās, miris Arevalo. Leģenda vēstī, ka pēc Mozus nāves kāda bagāts vīrs no Avilas viņa bez līdzekļiem atstātajai atraitnei esot piedāvājis lielu summu par oriģinālu, no kura viņas vīrs izgatavojis Zohar kopiju, bet atraitne atzinusies, ka vīrs esot īstenībā bijis manuskripta autors.

Mācība

Mozus no Leonas ap 1280. gadu sāka kabalistu vidē izplatīt grāmatas aramiešu valodā, kuras viņš teicās esam nokopējis no antīkiem gudrības tekstiem, kuru autors bijis rabīns Simons bar Johai, slavenā rabīna Akivas māceklis, kas dzīvojis un mācījis Izraēla zemē otrajā gadsimtā. Šīs grāmatas kļuva par pamatu Sefer ha-Zohar ("Mirdzuma grāmatai"), kas pamazām pārtapa par Kabalas kanonisko tekstu Ha-Zohar ha Qadosh ("Svētais Zoars"). Tās bija pilnas ar jaunvārdiem, noslēpumainu simboliku un erotisku iztēli. Teksta analīze liecina, ka tas patiesi balstās uz senāku materiālu, tomēr lielā mērā ir paša Leonas Mozus jaunrade, izmantojot automātisko rakstīšanu transa stāvoklī.

Izvilkums no mācības


Dievs ir vienots veselums — viens bez diviem, nenovērtējams. Patiesi dievišķa eksistence izraisa visa radītā eksistenci. Cildenās iekšējās būtības slepus rada saikni, kas vieno visu no visaugstākā līdz viszemākajam, plešoties no augšējā baseina līdz pasaules malai. Nav nekā — pat ne vismazākā lieta, kas nav saistīta ar šīs ķēdes posmiem. Viss ir savažots tā noslēpumā, notverts tā vienīgumā. Dievs ir viens, Dieva noslēpums ir viens, visa pasaule apakšā un augšā neizprotamā veidā ir viena. Dievišķā eksistence ir nedalāma. Visa ķēde ir viena. Lejā līdz pat pēdējam posmam, viss ir saistīts ar visu pārējo; tātad dievišķā būtība ir kā apakšā, tā augšā, debesīs un virs zemes. Nav nekā cita.

Mozus no Leonas „Sefer ha-Rimmon” (Granātābolu grāmata), Atlanta, 1988.


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