Grieķijas republikas referendums (1973)

Grieķijas republikas referendums bija 1973. gada 29. jūlijā noticis konstitūcijas referendums, kurā tika nobalsots par monarhijas izbeigšanu un prezidentālas republikas izveidošanu Grieķijā. Balsošanā piedalījās 75% no balsstiesīgajiem vēlētājiem un piedāvājumu par republikas izveidošanu atbalstīja 78,6% vēlētāju.

Politiskā situācija

Kopš 1967. gada 21. aprīļa valstī valdīja Grieķijas militārā hunta. Lai arī karalis Konstantīns II akceptēja apvērsumu un huntas valdību, 1967. gada 13. decembrī viņš mēģināja īstenot jaunu valsts apvērsumu, kas izgāzās un karalis ar ģimeni 14. decembrī bēga uz Romu. Grieķijas Karaliste turpināja pastāvēt un hunta par pirmo reģentu iecēla ģenerāli Zoitaki, bet 1972. gada 21. martā par reģentu kļuva huntas vadītājs Georgios Papadopoulos.

Pieaugot neapmierinātībai ar diktatūru, un it sevišķi pēc neveiksmīgā, karalim joprojām uzticīgās Grieķijas karaflotes apvērsuma mēģinājuma 1973. gada maijā, hunta veica radikālas izmaiņas valsts iekārtā. Lai nedotu atkārtotu iespēju monarhistiem, 1973. gada 1. jūnijā tika pasludināta prezidentālas republikas izveidošana. Papadopoulos sevi pasludināja par republikas prezidentu. Šis politiskais pavērsiens arī deva iespēju viņam vismaz daļēji liberalizēt diktatūru un padarīt to pieņemamāku Grieķijā un ārpus tās.

Referendums

Huntas izsludinātās konstitūcijas izmaiņas bija jāapstiprina 29. jūlijā notiekošajam referendumam. Tā kā valstī bija aizliegta politisko partiju darbība, to vadītāji aicināja balsot „Pret”, lai protestētu pret huntu. Balsošanas norise tika stingri kontrolēta un rezultāti bija labvēlīgi, lai arī 1974. gadā daudz brīvākos apstākļos veiktais republikas referendums tāpat beidzās ar līdzīgu iznākumu.

No valstī reģistrētajiem 6,61 miljoniem vēlētāju referendumā piedalījās 4,95 miljoni (75%) no kuriem “Par” nobalsoja 3,84 miljoni (78,6%) un “Pret” nobalsoja 1,04 miljoni (21,4%).

Sekas

1973. gada 8. oktobrī tika iecelta jauna civilā valdība. Taču karastāvokļa atcelšana, politieslodzīto atbrīvošana un armijas atstumšana no tiešas varas nebija pieņemamas huntas konservatīvajam spārnam Dimitriosa Joannidisa vadībā, kurš sāk plānot jaunu apvērsumu, kuru īstenoja 25. novembrī.

Pēc huntas krišanas, demokrātiski ievēlētā valdība 1974. gada 8. decembrī sarīkoja vēl vienu referendumu par valsts iekārtu, kurā atkal uzvarēja republikas atbalstītāji.

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