Bhagavadgīta

Krišna un Ardžuna kaujas ratos

Bhagavadgīta (sanskritā: भगवद्गीता, (bhagavad-gītā) — 'Dieva dziesma') ir sena indiešu poēma, kas izklāsta hinduistu reliģiju un filozofiju. Tā ir 700 rindu daļa no eposa Mahābhārata ko hinduisti pieņem par Upanišadas kodolu un reliģisku doktrīnu.

Etimoloģija

Bhagavadgīta sanskrita valodā ir "Dieva Dziesma". Par tās autoru tradicionāli uzskata Krišnu. Vairākās mūsdienu valodās Bhagavadgītu saīsina uz Gītu.

Konteksts un saturs

Bhagavadgītas vide ir filozofiska saruna, kas notiek kaujas ratos starp dievību Krišnu un princi Ardžūnu. Kurukšetas kaujas laukā kara vadonim un princim uznāk šaubas par jēgu karot un cīnīties ar brālēniem. Krišna Ardžūnu iedrošina, atgādinot viņam par valdnieka pienākumiem un hinduistu filozofijas patiesībām. Sarunu rezultātā princis saņem mācības par vairākām jogām,[1] karmu, mokšu, reinkarnāciju un citām hinduistu gudrībām.

Vēsture un komentāri

Hinduisti pieņem, ka Bhagavadgītu pierakstīja dziesminieks Vjāsa 3102. gadā pirms mūsu ēras. Rietumu pētnieki apgalvo, ka Bhagavadgīta pierakstīta starp 5. un 2. gadsimtu p.m.ē., bet galīgā versija tapusi Guptu impērijas laikā 4. gadsimtā. Pirmais angliskais tulkojums parādījās 1785. gadā.

Ievērojami indiešu filozofi un garīdznieki rakstījuši plašus komentārus par Bhagavadgītu.[2] Vairākās apcerēs parādās karš kā alegorija, Krišna simbolizē Brahmu, Ardžuna simbolizē Atmanu, utt. Svāmī Činmajananda komentēja Bhagavadgītu kā visaptverošu garīgu ceļvedi cilvēkiem.

Šrī Aurobindo pieņēma, ka Krišna bijis vēsturiska persona un Bhagavadgīta ir aforisms par dievišķām nodarbībām ar cilvēci.[3] Mahātma Gandijs, Bhagavadgītas iedvesmots, interpretēja kara lauku kā dvēseli un Ardžunas šaubas un jautājumus par cilvēka tieksmēm pārvarēt ļaunumu.

Atsauces

  1. ↑ Par jogām (angliski)
  2. ↑ A.Č. Bhaktivēdānta Svāmī Prabhupāda. Bhagavad-Gita As It Is, ISBN 0-89213-134-9
  3. ↑ Sri Aurobindo, Essays on the Gita, ISBN 0-914955-18-7

Ārējās saites

Dievības
dievi
dievietes (dēvī)
Hindu raksti
Filozofijas un jogas
Jēdzieni
Guru un svētie
Hinduisma novirzieni
Autoritatīvā vadība

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