Majoratas

Majoratas:

  • teisiškai reglamentuotas valdų paveldėjimo būdas (paplitęs viduramžiais), kai visas žemes ir kitas valdas paveldėdavo vyriausias palikuonis pagal pirmagimystę, o visi jaunesni palikuonys valdų nepaveldėdavo. Nesant gyvų sūnų paveldėdavo kitas artimiausias potencialus paveldėtojas. Šis paveldėjimo būdas teisėje buvo numatytas tam, kad būtų apsaugotas šeimos turtas (ir kartu galia) nuo skaldymo. Majorato teisė stiprino aristokratijos įsigalėjimą visuomenėje.
  • konkrečios valdos, kurios galėjo būti paveldimos tik visos kartu (majorato būdu). Majoratas neretai būdavo susietas ir su tam tikru aristokrato titulu (barono, vikonto ir pan.), į kurį galėdavo pretenduoti savininkas, jei titulą patvirtindavo karalius ar panašus valdovas.

Majoratai egzistavo daugelyje Europos valstybių (Prancūzija, Anglija, Ispanija, Abiejų Tautų Respublika ir kt.). ATR majoratus, vadintus ordinacijomis (lenk. ordynacja), įvedė Steponas Batoras.

Lietuvos teritorijoje irgi buvo nemažai majoratų, pvz., Biržai, Astravo dvaras,[1] Bartninkai ir kt.

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ Nijolė Lukšionytė-Tolvaišienė. Astravo dvaro sodybos ypatybės. Skyrelis „Majorato valdytojai“ [1] Archyvuota kopija 2008-01-14 iš Wayback Machine projekto.

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