Didžiojo Šiaurės karo maras

Maras 1709 m., Gdanskas

Didžiojo Šiaurės karo maras – maro ligos epidemija, palietusi Baltijos jūros ir Rytų Europos regionus 1708–1712 m. Didžiojo Šiaurės karo metu. Lietuvoje palietė daug įvairių gyvenviečių, kai kuriose vietovėse išmirė kone visi kaimo ar miestelio gyventojai. Vilniuje mirė kelios dešimtys tūkstančių gyventojų.[1] Mažojoje Lietuvoje dėl maro išmirė labai daug gyventojų, todėl po jo čia pasikeitė gyventojų tautinė sudėtis, kraštas ėmė vokietėti.

Tai buvo paskutinė maro epidemija Baltijos regione.

Spėjama, kad kilo iš Konstantinopolio, pirmąkart aptiktas 1702 m. Lenkijoje, Pinčuvo švedų karo ligoninėje. Plito karo ir prekybos keliais Baltijos pakrante link Prūsijos 1709 m., vėliau Baltijos pajūriu iki 1711 m., o 1712 m. pasiekė Hamburgą.

Lietuva

Lietuvoje ši epidemija siautė 1708–1711 m. ir nuniokojo visą kraštą. 1710 m. vien Vilniuje mirė ~34 tūkstančiai žmonių, mirusiųjų nespėdavo laidoti, nors į vieną kapą buvo guldoma po 70–80 lavonų. Visoje Lietuvoje išmirė daugiau kaip 1/3, Žemaitijoje – iki 1/2 gyventojų,[2] nors kai kur nurodoma išmirus iki 2/3 Lietuvos gyventojų.[3] Nespėjant laidoti lavonų, šie gulėdavo namuose, gatvėse. Į mirusiųjų trobas mėnesį laiko nebuvo leidžiama įeiti, dažniausiai apleisti namai bijant užkrato buvo sudeginami.[4]

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ Frandsen, Karl-Erik (2009). The Last Plague in the Baltic Region. 1709–1713. Copenhagen. ISBN 9788763507707.
  2. ↑ Maras Lietuvoje. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (tikrinta 2023-05-10).
  3. ↑ Maras Vilniuje 1710 metais. Ko galima dabar pasimokyti? Ziniuradijas.lt (tikrinta 2023-05-10).
  4. ↑ Šarūnas Subatavičius. Didysis 1710 m. maras Lietuvoje: kaip kilo ši baisi epidemija ir kaip žmonės su ja kovojo? 2020-02-29, 15min.lt (tikrinta 2023-05-10).

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