Dalai lama

Dalai lama XIII

Dalai lama (tibet. ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་  = taa la'i bla ma) – Tibeto dvasinis ir politinis valdovas (16421959 m.), atstovaujantis Tibeto budizmo naujausią mokyklą – Gelug. Pavadinimas „dalai lama“ sudarytas iš mongoliško žodžio dalai, reiškiančio „jūra, vandenynas“ ir tibetietiško lama, reiškiančio „dvasinis mokytojas“.

Tikima, kad dalai lama – tai bodhisatvos Avalokitešvaros emanacija ir mirusio dalai lamos reinkarnacija (tulku). Pasak Gelug mokyklos, po mirties dalai lamos siela įsikūnijanti naujagimyje, kurį lamos atpažįsta pagal tradicinę sistemą identifikuodami 5–7 m. vaikus (naujuoju dalai lama parinktas vaikas pasižymi proto guvumu, geba atpažinti dalai lamai skirtus daiktus).[1]

Nors pirmasis (1578 m.), save pradėjęs tituluotis kaip dalai lama buvo Sonamas Gjatso (1543–88 m.), tradicijos jis laikomas trečiuoju dalai lama, pirmus du jo pirmtakus titulavus po mirties. Sonamas Gjatso iš mongolų chano Altano, valdžiusio Tibetą, gavo tale garbės titulą. Altanas, remdamasis Gelug mokyklos persikūnijimų tikėjimu siekė save įtvirtinti kaip teisėtą chano Chubilajaus giminės tęsėją. Nuo V dalai lamos valdymo laikotarpio dalai lamos būstine tapo Potalos rūmai Lasoje. Taip buvo iki 1959 m., kai po nesėkmingo Tibeto sukilimo Tibeto dvasininkija buvo priversta pasitraukti į užsienį. Dabar dalai lamos būstinė yra Dharamšaloje (šiaurės Indija). Ten reziduoja Dalai lama XIV.

Dalai lamos

Dalai lama Gyvenimo metai Valdymo metai Vardas
1. Dalai lama I 13911474 × tibet. དྒེ་འདུན་འགྲུབ་
Gediunas Drupas
2. Dalai lama II 14751541 × tibet. དགེ་འདུན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Gediunas Gjaco
3. Dalai lama III 15431588 15781588 tibet. བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Sonamas Gjaco
4. Dalai lama IV 15891616 [?] tibet. ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Jontanas Gjaco
5. Dalai lama V 16171682 16421682 tibet. བློ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Lobsangas Gjaco
6. Dalai lama VI 16831706 [?]-1706 tibet. ཚང་དབྱངས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Cangjangas Gjaco
7. Dalai lama VII 17081757 17511757 tibet. བསྐལ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Gaisangas Gjaco
8. Dalai lama VIII 17581804 17861804 tibet. བྱམས་སྤེལ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Džampelas Gjaco
9. Dalai lama IX 18061815 (18081815)×× tibet. ལུང་རྟོགས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Lungdogas Gjaco
10. Dalai lama X 18161837 tibet. ཚུལ་ཁྲིམ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Ciučimas Gjaco
11. Dalai lama XI 18381856 18441856 tibet. མཁས་གྲུབ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Kaičubas Gjaco
12. Dalai lama XII 18561875 [?] tibet. འཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Činlajus Gjaco
13. Dalai lama XIII 18761933 18951933 tibet. ཐུབ་བསྟན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Thuptenas Gjaco
14. Dalai lama XIV 1935 – 1950 – tibet. བསྟན་འཛིན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Tencingas Gjaco

Šaltiniai

  1. Dalai lama. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, T. IV (Chakasija-Diržių kapinynas). – Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2003

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