Peștera cu Oase (ad pedem litterarum "spelunca cum ossibus") est caverna in BanatuRomaniae sita ubi anno 2002 reperta sunt ossa hominum qui anno circiter 38 000 a.C.n. vixerunt. Homines tres distingui possunt, quibus archaeologi nomina Oase 1 et Oase 2 (viri), Oase 3 (mulier) attribuerunt et in specie "Homo sapiens" collocaverunt. Recentissime ex investigatione DNA satis constat virum Oase 1 abavi patrem aut abavi avum habuisse qui ad speciem "Homo neanderthalensis" pertinuerit.
Hélène Rougier, Ştefan Milota, Ricardo Rodrigo, Mircea Gherase, Laurenţiu Sarcinǎ, Oana Moldovan, João Zilhão, Silviu Constantin, Robert G. Franciscus, Christoph P. E. Zollikofer, Marcia Ponce de León, Erik Trinkaus, "Peştera cu Oase 2 and the cranial morphology of early modern Europeans" in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 104 (2007) pp. 1165–1170
Erik Trinkaus, Oana Moldovan, ştefan Milota, Adrian Bîlgăr, Laurenţiu Sarcina, Sheela Athreya, Shara E. Bailey, Ricardo Rodrigo, Gherase Mircea, Thomas Higham, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Johannes van der Plicht, "An early modern human from Peștera cu Oase, Romania" in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 100 (2003) pp. 11231–11236
